Tag Archives: arduino

Weather display using LilyGO T5-4.7 inch S3 E-paper E-ink ESP32-S3

I was planning to make a RSS reader using this display, but I came across a weather display project I wanted to check out.
(So I probably end up buying another one)

There are many questions and issues around this project using the S3.

So here is my solution.

Install vscode

Goto plugins and install platformio

git clone https://github.com/Xinyuan-LilyGO/LilyGo-EPD-4-7-OWM-Weather-Display.git

Warning this is NOT the branch you want to use

git checkout web

(git pull)

open directory in code

open platformio.ini and change line 13
default_envs = T5_4_7Inc_Plus_V2
(If needed add upload_port = /dev/tty**** at the end)

Change INO file lines 144-146.
Comment serial out, else update won’t work using regular power or battery.



When saving this platformio.ini file, some downloading and installing should be popping up.
When issues occur about libraries see below.

Fill out
data>config.json
and owm_credentials.h to be sure.
(use owm_credentials information to fill config.json)

Next press the platformio icon

Fix for uploading:

Press and hold STR_IO0 button
Press REST button
Release STR_IO0 button

Libraries:

Press platformio icon, libaries and install ArduinoJson, Button2 and LilyGo-EPD47 (select your project while doing so!)

Note: Per default once per hour update, change if you want to.
Line 70 in the INO file

Build/Upload errors? .. Press clean to recompile using a clean state !

Wireless ping tester with beeps using Wemos

While I’ve used a Laptop with a ping script I made in the past, I needed something more portable.

So I build:

  • Scan for wifi networks
  • Connect
  • Enter IP to ping
  • Buzzer beeps when ICMP packet received
  • Gateway not reachable ? Sound alarm note

This way I can use both hands, hanging upside-down in a hard-to-reach place, without turning my head to a screen or my phone.

CODE (Below code is for D6)

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include <WiFiManager.h>
#include <ESP8266Ping.h>

ESP8266WebServer server(80);
String pingHost = "";
bool startPinging = false;
unsigned long lastPingTime = 0;
bool gpioState = false;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(D6, OUTPUT);  

  // WiFiManager captive portal
  WiFiManager wm;
  if (!wm.autoConnect("ESP_SetupAP")) {
    Serial.println("Failed to connect, restarting...");
    ESP.restart();
  }

  Serial.println("WiFi connected. IP:");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

  // Web UI
  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, []() {
    String html = "<html><body><h2>ESP Continuous Ping</h2>"
                  "<form action='/start'>"
                  "Host/IP to ping: <input name='host' type='text'>"
                  "<input type='submit' value='Start Pinging'>"
                  "</form></body></html>";
    server.send(200, "text/html", html);
  });

  server.on("/start", HTTP_GET, []() {
    if (!server.hasArg("host")) {
      server.send(400, "text/plain", "Missing 'host' parameter.");
      return;
    }
    pingHost = server.arg("host");
    startPinging = true;
    server.send(200, "text/plain", "Started pinging " + pingHost);
  });

  server.begin();
}

void loop() {
  server.handleClient();

  if (startPinging && millis() - lastPingTime > 2000) {
    lastPingTime = millis();
    bool success = Ping.ping(pingHost.c_str(), 1);

    if (success) {
      gpioState = !gpioState;
      digitalWrite(D6, HIGH);
      delay(500);
      digitalWrite(D6, LOW);
      delay(500);
      Serial.println("Ping success, toggled D6.");
    } else {
      Serial.println("Ping failed.");
      digitalWrite(D6, LOW);
    }
  }
}

Further ideas

D2 pin because easier soldering

New project : Find nearest booze shop.

Or anything else. ( idea from a reddit post )

UPDATE: 20250523

Combining a GPS module, compass, a LED ring and some code, I want to make a little device which shows you the way to the nearest … something.

To make it completely standalone, I have to use a SIM module. (Same as I have used before) This POC will use my phone as hotspot.

The LED ring will show the direction to go.

Edit: Maybe not a LED ring but a little display.

As previously posted, I was playing with Overpass turbo.
Using an API, I can use code to query this.

  • Arduino sends latitude, longitude to my webserver
  • Webserver queries API for neastest POIs and calculates distance.
  • Send data from webserver to arduino
  • Arduino uses heading data to light up direction LED
    (also on secondary display with distance info?)
    edit: and shop info

Test code for my web server to query the data

import overpy
import math

api = overpy.Overpass()

# This location will be filled with data from GPS module on Arduino.
latitude = 52.2270745        # Center latitude (e.g. Berlin)
longitude = 5.177519      # Center longitude
box_size = 0.05         # Box size in degrees (about ~5 km)

south = latitude - box_size
north = latitude + box_size
west = longitude - box_size
east = longitude + box_size

def haversine(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2):
    R = 6371  # Earth radius in km
    phi1 = math.radians(lat1)
    phi2 = math.radians(lat2)
    d_phi = math.radians(lat2 - lat1)
    d_lambda = math.radians(lon2 - lon1)

    a = math.sin(d_phi / 2)**2 + math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(phi2) * math.sin(d_lambda / 2)**2
    c = 2 * math.atan2(math.sqrt(a), math.sqrt(1 - a))

    return R * c  # Distance in kilometers

# Calculate bearing in degrees (0-360)
def bearing(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2):
    phi1 = math.radians(lat1)
    phi2 = math.radians(lat2)
    delta_lon = math.radians(lon2 - lon1)

    x = math.sin(delta_lon) * math.cos(phi2)
    y = math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(phi2) - math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(phi2) * math.cos(delta_lon)

    initial_bearing = math.atan2(x, y)
    compass_bearing = (math.degrees(initial_bearing) + 360) % 360  # Normalize to 0–360

    return compass_bearing

# Overpass QL query
query = f"""
[out:json];
node
  ["shop"="alcohol"]
  ({south}, {west}, {north}, {east});
out body;
>;
out skel qt;
"""

try:
    result = api.query(query)

    # Collect and sort places by distance
    places = []
    for node in result.nodes:
        node_lat = float(node.lat)
        node_lon = float(node.lon)
        distance = haversine(latitude, longitude, node_lat, node_lon)
        direction = bearing(latitude, longitude, node_lat, node_lon)
        name = node.tags.get("name", "Unnamed")
        places.append((distance, direction, name, node_lat, node_lon))

    places.sort()

    print(f"Found {len(places)} alcohol-related places sorted by distance:")
    for dist, dir_deg, name, lat, lon in places:
        print(f"- {name} at ({lat:.5f}, {lon:.5f}) — {dist:.2f} km, {dir_deg:.0f}°")

except Exception as e:
    print(f"Error: {e}")

Output:

Found 10 alcohol-related places sorted by distance:
- The Skiff at (52.22583, 5.17860) — 0.16 km, 152°
- Onzewijnen at (52.22612, 5.17045) — 0.49 km, 258°
- Gall & Gall at (52.23244, 5.19204) — 1.15 km, 59°
- Gall & Gall at (52.21536, 5.16735) — 1.48 km, 208°
- Eric's Beer Craft at (52.21549, 5.16632) — 1.50 km, 211°
- Slijterij at (52.21082, 5.15692) — 2.29 km, 218°
- Gall & Gall at (52.21590, 5.14074) — 2.80 km, 244°
- Gall & Gall at (52.25422, 5.22705) — 4.53 km, 48°
- Gall & Gall at (52.26808, 5.18348) — 4.58 km, 5°
- Il DiVino at (52.27507, 5.16414) — 5.41 km, 350°

Example using Overpass Turbo to find breweries

Other ideas

  • Geocaching (Thanks Vincent)
  • Find each other at festivals?

UPDATE

Building the hardware : First design

Screen programming (First setup)

Some test code

#include "SPI.h"
#include "Adafruit_GFX.h"
#include "Adafruit_GC9A01A.h"

// Overrule stuff
#define TFT_CS 18   // Chip select
#define TFT_DC 5    // Data/command mode
#define TFT_BL 4    // Backlight control
#define TFT_MOSI 12 // SPI Out AKA SDA
#define TFT_SCLK 13 // Clock out AKA SCL 
#define TFT_MISO -1 // pin not used
#define TFT_RST 23  // Reset ################# IMPORTANT, won't work without!! Took me a hour!

// Need this changed from example also
Adafruit_GC9A01A tft(TFT_CS, TFT_DC,TFT_MOSI,TFT_SCLK,TFT_RST,TFT_MISO);

float angle = 0;

void setup() {
  tft.begin();
  tft.setRotation(0);
  tft.fillScreen(GC9A01A_BLACK);
  drawCompassFace();
}

void loop() {
  drawNeedle(angle, GC9A01A_RED);
  delay(1000);
  drawNeedle(angle, GC9A01A_BLACK);  // Erase previous needle
  angle += 15;
  if (angle >= 360) angle = 0;

  tft.setCursor(60, 100);
  tft.setTextColor(GC9A01A_WHITE);  tft.setTextSize(2);
  tft.println("230 Meters");

}

// Draw static compass face
void drawCompassFace() {
  int cx = tft.width() / 2;
  int cy = tft.height() / 2;
  int radius = 100;

  tft.drawCircle(cx, cy, radius, GC9A01A_WHITE);
  tft.setTextColor(GC9A01A_WHITE);
  tft.setTextSize(1);
  tft.setCursor(cx - 3, cy - radius + 5); tft.print("N");
  tft.setCursor(cx - 3, cy + radius - 10); tft.print("S");
  tft.setCursor(cx - radius + 5, cy - 3); tft.print("W");
  tft.setCursor(cx + radius - 10, cy - 3); tft.print("E");
}

// Draw compass needle
void drawNeedle(float angleDeg, uint16_t color) {
  int cx = tft.width() / 2;
  int cy = tft.height() / 2;
  float angleRad = angleDeg * DEG_TO_RAD;
  int x = cx + cos(angleRad) * 90;
  int y = cy + sin(angleRad) * 90;
  tft.drawLine(cx, cy, x, y, color);
}

Found a rogue AP in my house

Where is it, what device could it be?

Its SSID started with ESP. So I probably am the one responsible for its existence.
I’ve got a sh*tload of ESPs/NodeMCUs/8266 turned on 24-7.

Using a Wifi analizer I could narrow it down to my livingroom.
Checked all devices, and they are all connected to my AccessPoint.
(So no fallback AP mode)

The problem with this method is that you can’t figure out a direction.

So I used this on my Laptop.

See graphs on the left

This is a directional antenna.

Using Wireshark and wavemon, I could find the direction.

There were only two devices in the direction with the strongest signal.
My photo viewer remote, and my mini turntable controller with RFID.

But these devices are working just fine! .. So lets disconnect the power.
So it IS the mini recordplayer!

Lets look at the code. (part of)

WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP_STA); 

I should have used

WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA); 

Now it was a client AND an Access Point!

Mystery solved!

Reverse engineering Epaper Arduino for own image pusher

To display quotes, changing once per hour.

There is not much to be found for Waveshare 4.2 Epaper.
Except for an Arduino web example.
( see https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/E-Paper_ESP32_Driver_Board )

I reversed engineered the workings, and created a python upload script to push images.

Original workings are a mess.
Per 4 bit of color, high-low switched in a byte.
Black and red separated.
Using a till p encoding over curl commands.

My implementation uses a python script called as:

python3 epaper-pusher.py ~/Downloads/Untitled.png
http://10.1.0.99/EPDI_
30 times something like 
http://10.1.0.99/ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppiodaLOAD_
http://10.1.0.99/NEXT_
30 times something like
http://10.1.0.99/pbcdefghijjjjjjffffffoooooooaaabbbbbbeeeedddppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppiodaLOAD_
http://10.1.0.99/SHOW_
NOTES:
a = 0000
-
-
-
p = 1111 = 15

30 lines with 1000 bytes ( ending with iodaLOAD_ )

black pixels
first block 1
second block 0

red pixels
first block 0
second block 1

white pixels
first block 1
second block 1

PIXEL Example
RBRB
BWBW

First block 
1010 - letter K
0101 - Letter F - second nibble = white

Second block
0101 - Letter F
1111 - Letter P - second nibble white

Code

from PIL import Image
import numpy
import requests

url="http://10.1.0.99/" 

black_pixels = numpy.zeros((400,300))
red_pixels = numpy.zeros((400,300))



def classify_pixel_color(pixel):
    """
    Classify a pixel as black, white, or red.
    """
    r, g, b = pixel[:3]  # Ignore alpha if present

    # Define thresholds for classification
    if r < 128 and g < 128 and b < 128:
        return 'black'
    elif r > 200 and g > 200 and b > 200:
        return 'white'
    elif r > 128 and g < 100 and b < 100:
        return 'red'
    else:
        return None

def process_image(image_path):
    """
    Process the image and classify its pixels into black, white, or red.
    """
    image = Image.open(image_path)
    image = image.convert("RGB")  # Ensure the image is in RGB mode

    width, height = image.size
    pixel_data = image.load()

    color_counts = {'black': 0, 'white': 0, 'red': 0}

    for y in range (0, 299):
        for x in range (0, 399):
            black_pixels[x][y] = 0
            red_pixels[x][y] = 0

    for y in range(299):
        for x in range(399):
            color = classify_pixel_color(pixel_data[x, y])
            if color:
                color_counts[color] += 1
                if color == 'black':
                    black_pixels[x][y] = 1;
                if color == 'red':
                    red_pixels[x][y] = 1;
                if color == 'white':
                    black_pixels[x][y] = 1;
                    red_pixels[x][y] = 1;

    return color_counts, black_pixels, red_pixels

def number_to_letter(num):
    """
    Translates a number from 0 to 15 into a corresponding letter (a-p).

    Args:
        num (int): The number to translate.

    Returns:
        str: The corresponding letter (a-p).
    """
    if 0 <= num <= 15:
        return chr(ord('a') + num)
    else:
        raise ValueError("Number must be between 0 and 15, inclusive.")

def print_array_in_chunks(array, chunk_size=1001):
    current_chunk = ""
    for item in array:
        # Convert item to string and add to the current chunk
        item_str = str(item)
        if len(current_chunk) + len(item_str) + 1 > chunk_size:
            # Print the current chunk and reset it
            current_chunk += "iodaLOAD_"
            try:
                requests.get(url + current_chunk, verify=False)
                if not response.content:  # Equivalent to expecting an empty reply
                    pass
            except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
                # Catch any request-related errors
                pass
            current_chunk = item_str
        else:
            # Append the item to the current chunk
            current_chunk += (item_str)
    current_chunk += "iodaLOAD_"
    # Print any remaining items in the chunk
    if current_chunk:
        try:
            requests.get(url + current_chunk, verify=False)
            if not response.content:  # Equivalent to expecting an empty reply
                pass
        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
            # Catch any request-related errors
            pass
        

def switch_in_pairs(arr):
    # Loop through the array with a step of 2
    for i in range(0, len(arr) - 1, 2):
        # Swap values at index i and i+1
        arr[i], arr[i + 1] = arr[i + 1], arr[i]
    return arr

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys

    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
        print("Usage: python3 script.py <image_path>")
        sys.exit(1)

    image_path = sys.argv[1]
    try:
        color_counts, black_pixels, red_pixels = process_image(image_path)
        try:
            requests.get(url + "EPDI_" , verify=False)
            if not response.content:  # Equivalent to expecting an empty reply
                pass
        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
            # Catch any request-related errors
            pass

        
        lines=[]
        for y in range(300):
            for x in range(0,399,4):
                first = red_pixels[x][y]
                second = red_pixels[x+1][y]
                thirth = red_pixels[x+2][y]
                fourth = red_pixels[x+3][y]
                nibble = 0
                if (first ==  1):
                        nibble = nibble + 8
                if (second ==  1):
                        nibble = nibble + 4
                if (thirth ==  1):
                        nibble = nibble + 2
                if (fourth ==  1):
                        nibble = nibble + 1
                lines.append(number_to_letter(nibble))
        switched_array = switch_in_pairs(lines)
        print_array_in_chunks(switched_array)
        try:
            requests.get(url + "NEXT_" , verify=False)
            if not response.content:  # Equivalent to expecting an empty reply
                pass
        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
            # Catch any request-related errors
            pass
        lines=[]
        for y in range(300):
            for x in range(0,399,4):
                first = black_pixels[x][y]
                second = black_pixels[x+1][y]
                thirth = black_pixels[x+2][y]
                fourth = black_pixels[x+3][y]
                nibble = 0
                if (first ==  1):
                        nibble = nibble + 8
                if (second ==  1):
                        nibble = nibble + 4
                if (thirth ==  1):
                        nibble = nibble + 2
                if (fourth ==  1):
                        nibble = nibble + 1
                lines.append(number_to_letter(nibble))
        switched_array = switch_in_pairs(lines)
        print_array_in_chunks(switched_array)

        try:
            requests.get(url + "SHOW_" , verify=False)
            if not response.content:  # Equivalent to expecting an empty reply
                pass
        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
            # Catch any request-related errors
            pass

    except Exception as e:
        pass

Home Assistant Voice and OpenMqttGateway

Yesterday I got my Home Assistant Voice!

This is a Non-Cloud solution like Alexa and Google devices.
I only could play with it for a few minutes because I was working on Arduino code with an ILI9341 Display and a BME280 (Temperature/Humidity/Air pressure).

Today I got some new goodies in, one of these is a LilyGO LoRa display which works on 433 Mhz.

I flashed OpenMQTTGateway on this device.

In the past, I posted about the RFCOM Gateway using Domoticz.
This runs on a Raspberry Pi.
While looking for alternatives, I found a rtl-sdr solution.

https://github.com/merbanan/rtl_433

Using this:

But I liked the ESP32 solution more.
Now I can dismantle Domoticz, which served me well for many years.

How cool to see realtime updates!

Note: This is a receiver device only!
But I only use read-only sensors like : Door/window, doorbell, temperature/humidity and Firesensors.

These are automatically detected in Home Assistant.

No more RFXCOM with a Raspberry.

Display work

While working on a client project, I tested multiple displays.

  • ILI9341
  • 1.3inch SPI TFT LCD Display RGB (ST7789)
  • Waveshare 4.2 Epaper with ESP32 Controller

I thought it was fun to connect the Epaper to ESPHome.

This probably ends up being a Quote displayer
Universal e-Paper Driver Board with WiFi / Bluetooth SoC ESP32 onboard, supports various Waveshare SPI e-Paper raw panels

It was not without problems. For example, the ESPHome editor gave squiggly lines under type.
This has to be changed in the libraries.
(Already notified developers)

model: 4.20in-V2 does not work .. use model: 4.20in-v2

esphome:
  name: epaperqoute
  friendly_name: epaperqoute

esp32:
  board: esp32dev
  framework:
    type: arduino

# Enable logging
logger:

# Enable Home Assistant API
api:
  encryption:
    key: "tzRSzZky3Jk+hUYtiybzT90kxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx="

ota:
  - platform: esphome
    password: "4f127e114a7a44fxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

wifi:
  ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
  password: !secret wifi_password

  # Enable fallback hotspot (captive portal) in case wifi connection fails
  ap:
    ssid: "Epaperqoute Fallback Hotspot"
    password: "yLSoxxxxxxxxxx"

captive_portal:


external_components:
  - source: github://pr#6209
    components: [ waveshare_epaper ]

text_sensor:
  - platform: homeassistant
    entity_id: input_text.epaper_display_text
    id: epaper_display_text
    on_value:
      then:
        - component.update: epaperdisplay
    
spi:
  clk_pin: GPIO13
  mosi_pin: GPIO14

# Upload own ttf to a directory in esphome/fonts using file editor in Home Assistant
font:
  - file: "fonts/newspaper.ttf"
    id: tahoma
    size: 64

http_request:
  verify_ssl: false

# image test
online_image:
  - url: "https://www.henriaanstoot.nl/epapertest.png"
    id: example_image
    format: PNG

#it.image(0, 0, id(example_image));

display:
  - platform: waveshare_epaper
    id: epaperdisplay
    cs_pin: GPIO15
    dc_pin: GPIO27
    busy_pin: GPIO25
    reset_pin: GPIO26
    model: 4.20in-v2
    reset_duration: 200ms
    update_interval: never
    lambda: |
           it.printf(0, 0, id(tahoma), "%s", id(epaper_display_text).state.c_str());  

Made a Meatloaf device for C64

Awesome opensource project

https://github.com/idolpx/meatloaf-specialty/tree/main

  • Emulates a floppy drive: Meatloaf plugs into the Commodore 64’s IEC serial port and acts like a virtual floppy drive. This allows you to load software and data stored on its internal flash memory, sd card, or stream it via WiFi using various protocols from servers all over the world.
  • Supports multiple virtual drives: Unlike a single floppy drive, Meatloaf can be configured to emulate up to 26 virtual drives (IDs 4-30). Each virtual drive can have a different disk image loaded, essentially offering the equivalent of having thousands of floppies connected to your C64.
  • Supports additional virtual device types: Printers, a network interface, and more.
  • Connects to the internet: Meatloaf also functions as a WiFi modem, enabling your Commodore 64 to connect to Telnet BBS (bulletin board systems) for communication and sharing information.

https://meatloaf.cc/sc/s/shortcodes.php

Load a prg using a url

LOAD"HTTP://C64.ORG/GAMES_AZ/H/H.E.R.O.PRG",8

Or from a D64 image on your own Windows/Samba server (all known CBM image formats supported):

LOAD"SMB://STORAGE/C64/FAVORITES/PIRATES_A.D64/*",8

Load a random game from the internet

LOAD"ML:ARCADE*",8	

Minimal socket test server, client and arduino

Socket connect to server, enter number and get reply test.

server.py

import socket
import threading

# Define the host and port
HOST = '0.0.0.0'  # Localhost (change as needed)
PORT = 65432        # Port to listen on (non-privileged ports are > 1023)

# Function to handle each client connection
def handle_client(conn, addr):
    print(f"Connected by {addr}")
    
    # Send a thank you message to the client upon connection
    thank_you_message = "Thank you for connecting! Please enter a number:\n"
    conn.sendall(thank_you_message.encode('utf-8'))
    
    while True:
        try:
            data = conn.recv(1024)
            if not data:
                break
            
            # Decode the received data
            received_number = data.decode('utf-8').strip()
            print(f"Received from {addr}: {received_number}")
            
            # Try to convert the received data to an integer
            try:
                number = int(received_number)
                response = f"The double of {number} is {number * 2}\n"
            except ValueError:
                response = "Please enter a valid number.\n"
            
            # Send the response back to the client
            conn.sendall(response.encode('utf-8'))
        except ConnectionResetError:
            print(f"Connection with {addr} lost.")
            break

    conn.close()
    print(f"Connection with {addr} closed.")

# Function to start the server and listen for connections
def start_server():
    # Create a socket object
    server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    
    # Bind the socket to the host and port
    server.bind((HOST, PORT))
    
    # Start listening with a maximum backlog of 5 connections
    server.listen(5)
    print(f"Server listening on {HOST}:{PORT}")
    
    while True:
        # Accept a new connection
        conn, addr = server.accept()
        
        # Create a new thread to handle the client connection
        client_thread = threading.Thread(target=handle_client, args=(conn, addr))
        client_thread.start()

# Run the server
if __name__ == "__main__":
    start_server()

python-client.py

import socket

# Define the server host and port
HOST = 'IPNUMBERSERVER'  # The server's hostname or IP address
PORT = 65432        # The port used by the server

def start_client():
    # Create a socket object
    client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    
    # Connect to the server
    client.connect((HOST, PORT))
    
    # Receive and print the welcome message from the server
    welcome_message = client.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
    print(welcome_message)
    
    while True:
        # Enter a number and send it to the server
        number = input("Enter a number (or type 'exit' to quit): ")
        
        if number.lower() == 'exit':
            print("Closing connection...")
            break
        
        client.sendall(number.encode('utf-8'))
        
        # Receive the response from the server and print it
        response = client.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
        print(response)
    
    # Close the connection after the loop ends
    client.close()

# Run the client
if __name__ == "__main__":
    start_client()

arduino-client.ino

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> // For ESP8266
//#include <WiFi.h>       // For ESP32

// Replace with your network credentials
const char* ssid     = "your_SSID";     // Replace with your network SSID (name)
const char* password = "your_PASSWORD"; // Replace with your network password

// Define the server's IP address and port
const char* host = "192.168.1.100"; // Replace with your server's IP address
const int port = 65432;             // Server port

WiFiClient client;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  delay(10);

  // Connect to WiFi
  Serial.println();
  Serial.print("Connecting to ");
  Serial.println(ssid);

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(1000);
    Serial.print(".");
  }

  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("WiFi connected.");
  Serial.println("IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

  // Connect to the server
  Serial.print("Connecting to server at ");
  Serial.print(host);
  Serial.print(":");
  Serial.println(port);

  if (client.connect(host, port)) {
    Serial.println("Connected to server!");
    
    // Wait for the welcome message from the server
    while (client.available() == 0);

    // Read and print the welcome message
    while (client.available()) {
      char c = client.read();
      Serial.print(c);
    }
  } else {
    Serial.println("Connection failed.");
  }
}
void loop() {
  // Check if connected to the server
  if (client.connected()) {
    // Check if there is any serial input from the user
    if (Serial.available() > 0) {
      String input = Serial.readStringUntil('\n');
      input.trim(); 

      if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("exit")) {
        Serial.println("Closing connection...");
        client.stop(); // Disconnect from the server
        while (true);  // Stop the loop
      }

      // Send the number to the server
      client.println(input);

      // Wait for the server's response
      while (client.available() == 0);

      // Read and print the server's response
      while (client.available()) {
        char c = client.read();
        Serial.print(c);
      }
    }
  } else {
    Serial.println("Disconnected from server.");
    while (true); // Stop the loop
  }
}