Tag Archives: 68000

68000 Progress

UPDATE 20240927 PCBs are in

While testing on a breadboard is fast, I still want my 68000 on PCBs.

Breadboards are nice for testing, and I use them in the design stage.
But they will fail in the end.
Loose wires, oxidated contacts and alike.

So when I was testing using breadboard, I drew the schematics in KiCad.

I wanted to use Eurocards for this one. If I divide the whole system in system blocks, I can exchange and experiment parts.
(My 6502 uses another method to connect different cards)

  • CPU and Clock (Plus power-on reset and step mode)
  • Memory and ROM
  • Storage
  • Address decoding
  • Sound
  • IRQ Handlers
  • Led Blinkenlights 🙂

I wrote about Eurocards in the past.

So I’m using the VMEbus standard for my new design.
(Using the recently bought book I mentioned)

Backplane design is done. And currently being autorouted.

PowerLeds for 5 and 12V. On/Off switch and MOLEX power connector.

Kicad sources will be uploaded

Freerouter with in the background a part of the CPU Card I am redesigning.

In the past, I dumped my old eurocards and even a nice case I had.

UPDATE 20240927 PCBs are in

New old book and new 3D printer

I bought a hardcopy of a book I used to design my 68000 computer.
In the US 130 dollars, in UK 8 pounds. (895 pages) (1992)

Search in pdf, flip through pages in hardcopy book!

New 3D printer

1956 days ago I’ve bought my previous printer. Time for a new one.

This one is very good in quality prints, but it is scary cloud connected by default. (And Chinese company)
See stuff like

So, LAN mode only.
And firewalled to internet.

Lets look at the Linux Bambu Lab source!

## Interesting

src/slic3r/GUI/MediaPlayCtrl.cpp:            url = "bambu:///rtsps___" + m_lan_user + ":" + m_lan_passwd + "@" + m_lan_ip + "/streaming/live/1?proto=rtsps";
src/slic3r/GUI/MediaPlayCtrl.cpp:            url = "bambu:///rtsp___" + m_lan_user + ":" + m_lan_passwd + "@" + m_lan_ip + "/streaming/live/1?proto=rtsp";
src/slic3r/GUI/MediaPlayCtrl.cpp:            url = "bambu:///rtsps___" + m_lan_user + ":" + m_lan_passwd + "@" + m_lan_ip + "/streaming/live/1?proto=rtsps";
src/slic3r/GUI/MediaPlayCtrl.cpp:            url = "bambu:///rtsp___" + m_lan_user + ":" + m_lan_passwd + "@" + m_lan_ip + "/streaming/live/1?proto=rtsp";

src/slic3r/GUI/MediaFilePanel.cpp:        std::string url = "bambu:///local/" + m_lan_ip + ".?port=6000&user=" + m_lan_user + "&passwd=" + m_lan_passwd;

src/slic3r/GUI/MediaPlayCtrl.cpp:    m_lan_user = "bblp";
src/slic3r/GUI/MediaPlayCtrl.cpp:    m_lan_passwd = "bblp";

# Code
grep -iR code ~/.config/BambuStudio/*conf
     "user_access_code": {
     "01P00A4331XXXXX": "331XXXXX"

# NMAP 
Host is up (0.0084s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
990/tcp  open  ftps
6000/tcp open  X11

Lilygo PC, 68000 progress and C64 hacks

Made a micro PC using Fabgl library and a ESP32 LilyGo Vga

More info about this device

68000 Progress

My address decoder seems to work (using an ATF22v10C) See previous posts.

Also new Rom and Ram chips. These are 8 bits, but the 68000’s data bus we need two (Odd and Even Addresses)

C64 Hacks

I made a proof of concept for a Rom switcher.
8 Different Roms can be selected using the dip switches.
(Dipswitches are being replaces bij something smarter in the future, like an Arduino Nano (like Adrian Black’s solution)

My other C64 stopped working, I need to make my PLA replacement.
https://www.henriaanstoot.nl/2024/05/27/notes-for-next-projects-i-made-using-our-short-holiday-in-madeira/
But beside the PLA not working, I noticed the glass fuse was blown.
I didn’t have a large fuse (32mm) but a small one.
(Fast 1.6A and 230V)
So some fancy soldering and fixed.

68000 Testing

While busy fixing my business site, and working for a customer, I build a testing rig for the 68000.

I first made a power-on reset schematic.
The timing is different from the 6502 power-on reset, and the 68k needs HALT and RESET being pulled low.

Inverted reset signal (before the 74ls06 invertor)
Schematic with poweron reset, some leds and 8mhz crystal
Lines pulled to GND or VCC are at least needed to get a running CPU.
Data bus resistors are needed because data is r/w

All Data lines are pulled low, emulating opcode 00 00
https://68k.hax.com/ORI%20to%20CCR
This will do nothing weird, and will increment the address and try to read the next opcode.
Resulting in an endless incrementing address bus, I’ve put a Led (Red)on Address A17.

Yellow is /RESET signal and Blue /HALT

68000 ODD EVEN Decoder

First setup to make an address decoder for my 68k

000000 - 007FFF 32k * 16 bits RAM
F80000 - FBFFFF IO0,1,2,3,4
FF0000 - FFFFFF 32k * 16 bits ROM

We need /LDS and /UDS for odd even select, because rom and ram are 8 bits chips.

Also we are not decoding all address lines.

x0xxxx - RAM
F8xxxx - IO
FFxxxx - ROM

This means there are blocks repeated

Address lines
23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 .....
1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  * ..... ROM
0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  * ..... RAM
1  1  1  1  1  0  *  *  * ... IO but A17 A16 are sub selects

Code for ATF22v10
Not used yet! .. not verified!

-------------
GAL22V10
68000addr

Clock   A23   A22   A21   A20    A19   A18    A17    A16    LDS  UDS   GND
/OE   ODDRAM   EVNRAM  ODDROM    EVNROM    IO0    IO1   IO2    IO3   NC   NC VCC


/ODDRAM = /A23 * /A22 * /A21 * /A20 * /A19 * /A18 * /A17 * /A16 * /LDS
/EVNRAM = /A23 * /A22 * /A21 * /A20 * /A19 * /A18 * /A17 * /A16 * /UDS
/ODDROM = A23 * A22 * A21 * A20 * A19 * A18 * A17 * A16 * /LDS
/EVNROM = A23 * A22 * A21 * A20 * A19 * A18 * A17 * A16 * /UDS
/IO0 = A23 * A22 * A21 * A20 * A19 * /A18 * /A17 * /A16 * /LDS
/IO1 = A23 * A22 * A21 * A20 * A19 * /A18 * /A17 * A16 * /LDS
/IO2 = A23 * A22 * A21 * A20 * A19 * /A18 * A17 * /A16 * /LDS
/IO3 = A23 * A22 * A21 * A20 * A19 * /A18 * A17 * A16 * /LDS

DESCRIPTION
A 68000 addr decoder
---------------------------


UPDATE

I’ve got some K6T4008C1B RAM chips now.
These are 512k, but I don’t need that much (for now)
So I’ll still use above decoder and below schematic

68000 SBC, C64 Git and SID Player

Working on 68000 Single Board Computer.

Made a clock circuit and busy designing a power-on-reset schematic. I’ve made one before, but this circuit needs RESET and HALT being pulled low.

8mhz 5V

The 68000 being 24 bit address and 16 bit data needs 2x 8-bit roms and 2x 8 bit ram, but i didn’t have the components yet in this picture.

Address decoder using ATF22V10C is also halfway.
Schematics online soon.

Started a protected Git repo for C64 demo and proof of concepts for our old ICECREW group.

Installed Gitea, behind a reverse proxy.
Part of reverse proxy

ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost On
SSLProxyVerify none
SSLProxyCheckPeerCN off
SSLProxyCheckPeerName off

<Location />
ProxyPass   http://10.x.y.z:3000/
ProxyPassReverse  http://10.x.y.z:3000/
Require ip 213.10.144.27
Require ip a.b.c.d
Require ip e.f.g.h
</Location>

Gitea config with token login over https

Generate token
Login https://icecrew.henriaanstoot.nl/

Select your profile (upper right)

And select Settings > Applications

Select a name for your token. And press generate

Top screen shows a token, copy this!

Create new project
Press explore (upper left)

Select organisation and icecrew

Press New Repository, give a name and create

(press https when not defaulted, there is NO ssh to this server)

The example is wrong! (Use below changing TOKENHERE and PROJECTNAME

touch README.md
git init -b master
git add README.md
git commit -m "first commit"
git remote add origin https://TOKENHERE@icecrew.henriaanstoot.nl/icecrew/PROJECTNAME.git
git push -u origin master

Clone a project
Goto a project

press HTTPS when not defaulted to this.

git clone https://icecrew.henriaanstoot.nl/icecrew/borderflag.git 

edit .git/config and add your token to the url ! to push

My Sidplayer as an option to select own collection.
And I’ve made a top list

# Best composers (no order)
Ouwehand_Reyn
Tel_Jeroen
Huelsbeck_Chris
Rowlands_Steve
Hubbard_Rob
Daglish_Ben
Follin_Tim
Gray_Matt
Tjelta_Geir
Mibri (from get in the Van)

# Best tunes (no order)
R-Type.sid
Arkanoid.sid
Bottom.sid
Turbo_Outrun.sid
A_Tune_for_Unity.sid
Ohne_Dich_Rammstein.sid

# Start of own collection (not in above collection)
Abyssus_Ignis_[8580].sid
Catastrophe_[8580].sid
Dumb_Terminal_[8580].sid
Get_in_the_Van_[8580].sid
Getting_in_the_Van_[8580].sid
Supercharger_[8580].sid
Tuna_Guitar_[8580].sid

Investigating syncing effect to Sid music.

I got a great tip from Youth who made the Freakandel demo presented at X2024.

> Setup the loop to play the music

> Copy part of the memory to the screen ($0400) in the same loop to look for memory locations that are used as variables for the music. > Looking at

> Memory where the music is stored

> Zeropage ($00-$ff)

> See if there's some useful changes that coincide with for example drums

> For my own tunes, I use a music routine where I can put event markers in the music itself and react to those from the code. That's >how I synced https://www.micheldebree.nl/posts/big_angry_sprite/

> You could also try reading the SID registers for voice 3 (waveform and ADSR), those are the only ones that are not write-only. > Obviously you can then only react to those changes in voice 3.

I used retrodebugger to see which bytes are changing.
Then I wrote a program which changes the background colour to this value.
I also made a program to use a joystick to see which address have the most interesting effect.
(use up)

     1                                       !to "sidbgnd.prg",cbm
     2                          
     3                                  * = $0801
     4                          			
     5                          sysline:	
     6  0801 0b0801009e323036...        !byte $0b,$08,$01,$00,$9e,$32,$30,$36,$31,$00,$00,$00 ;= SYS 2061
     7                          
     8                                  * = $080d 
     9                          
    10  080d 78                 	sei
    11  080e a960               	lda #<irq
    12  0810 a208               	ldx #>irq
    13  0812 8d1403             	sta $314
    14  0815 8e1503             	stx $315
    15  0818 a91b               	lda #$1b
    16  081a a200               	ldx #$00
    17  081c a07f               	ldy #$7f 
    18  081e 8d11d0             	sta $d011
    19  0821 8e12d0             	stx $d012
    20  0824 8c0ddc             	sty $dc0d
    21  0827 a901               	lda #$01
    22  0829 8d1ad0             	sta $d01a
    23  082c 8d19d0             	sta $d019 
    24  082f a900               	lda #$00
    25  0831 200010             	jsr $1000 
    26  0834 58                 	cli
    27  0835 a920               	lda #$20
    28  0837 8d6b08             	sta vector
    29  083a a917               	lda #$17
    30  083c 8d6c08             	sta vector+1
    31  083f a000               	ldy #$00
    32  0841 b93017             hold 	lda $1730,y
    33  0844 8d20d0             	sta $D020
    34  0847 ad00dc             	lda $dc00
    35  084a 2901               	and #$1
    36  084c c901               	cmp #$1
    37  084e f0f1               	beq hold
    38  0850 ad00dc             	lda $dc00
    39  0853 2901               	and #$1
    40  0855 c900               	cmp #$0
    41  0857 f0e8               	beq hold
    42  0859 c8                 	iny
    43  085a 8c6d08             	sty vector+2
    44  085d 4c4108             	jmp hold 
    45                          irq
    46  0860 a901               	lda #$01
    47  0862 8d19d0             	sta $d019 
    48  0865 200310             	jsr $1003 
    49  0868 4c31ea             	jmp $ea31
    50                          
    51                          vector
    52  086b 0000               	!byte $00,$00
    53                                      
    54                          	* = $1000
    55  1000 4c37104c85104c2f...	!binary "Techno_Drums.sid" ,, $7c+2

Multiple computer systems in a carrying case.

Test picture of a multiprocessor computer setup.
Using buttons on the right, I want the possibility to change between systems and keyboard settings.
Also, multiple software/OS slots for SDCards will be on the right.

Mockup using a laptop display (eeepc) a bought display controller and a pi2 with Faux86

The lid containing the keyboard has a handle!

After laser cutting a nice front, it could become a nice road warrior hacking station.

I’m going to replace the wireless keyboard, probably with a touch display and a programmable layout for keyboards.
Something like below

Some layouts:

I’ll probably buy this one from waveshare

Info about Faux86

  • 8086/8088, V20, 80186 and limited 286 instruction set.
  • Configurable CPU speeds from 5Mhz up to 100Mhz.
  • Custom Hardware BIOS’s supported.
  • Supports bootable disk images in .img and .raw file format.
  • CGA / EGA / VGA Colour Video emulation, with most modes supported.
  • PC Speaker, Adlib, Soundblaster and Disney SoundSource.
  • UART Com Ports.
  • Standard PC XT Keyboard.
  • Serial Port 2-Button mouse.