New cartridges stuff.
I’ve bought some in the past, and was gifted some.
Made a case for an own made 8085 cartridge.
In this case, I used a gifted PCB from Bigred (thanks).
This was designed by Venneker.
With a gap for a 40 pins socket to piggyback signals.
https://media.henriaanstoot.nl/c64-cartridge-gap.tgz
Then a new Nordic Replay, this is a new version of the Retro Replay.
Today the TeensyRom, this came without case, so I printed one in fancy dual silk color.
Demos and hacks soon
Almost perfect just some minor tweaking needed.
I need to clean this found c64 keyboard also ..
UPDATE: Printed holders and cleaned keyboard
3D printed Hilversum streetplan, much to clean up.
I need a new 3D printer!
More info about this device
68000 Progress
My address decoder seems to work (using an ATF22v10C) See previous posts.
Also new Rom and Ram chips. These are 8 bits, but the 68000’s data bus we need two (Odd and Even Addresses)
C64 Hacks
I made a proof of concept for a Rom switcher.
8 Different Roms can be selected using the dip switches.
(Dipswitches are being replaces bij something smarter in the future, like an Arduino Nano (like Adrian Black’s solution)
My other C64 stopped working, I need to make my PLA replacement.
https://www.henriaanstoot.nl/2024/05/27/notes-for-next-projects-i-made-using-our-short-holiday-in-madeira/
But beside the PLA not working, I noticed the glass fuse was blown.
I didn’t have a large fuse (32mm) but a small one.
(Fast 1.6A and 230V)
So some fancy soldering and fixed.
A fun experiment using opening the C64 border and changing colors on certain rasterlines.
Code (acme)
acme borderflag.asm
x64 +drive8truedrive borderflag.prg
!cpu 650rasterline
!to "borderflag.prg",cbm
* = $0801
!byte $0d,$08,$dc,$07,$9e,$20,$34
!byte $39,$31,$35,$32,$00,$00,$00
* = $c000
sei ; turn off interrupts
ldx #1 ; enable raster interrupts
stx $d01a
lda #<irq ; set raster interrupt vector
ldx #>irq
sta $0314
stx $0315
ldy #$f0 ; set first interrupt rasterline
sty $d012
lda $d011 ; reset rasterline hi bit
and #%01111111
sta $d011
asl $d019 ; ack VIC interrupts
cli
loop_until_doomsday
jmp loop_until_doomsday
irq
asl $d019 ; ack irq
lda #$01 ; set screenframe and background
sta $d020
lda #$02
sta $d021
lda #$38 ; wait for line $38
cmp $d012
bne *-3
lda #$02 ; set screenframe and background
sta $d020
lda #$01
sta $d021
lda #$f9 ; wait for line $f9C
cmp $d012 ; just below border in 25 row mode
bne *-3
lda $d011 ; switch to 24 row mode ($d011 bit 3 = 0)
and #$f7 ; %11110111
sta $d011
lda #$fd ; wait for line $fd
cmp $d012 ; just below border in 25 row mode
bne *-3
lda $d011 ; switch back to 25 row mode ($d011 bit 3 = 1)
ora #$08 ; %00001000
sta $d011
jmp $ea31 ; exit irq
While still having a love-hate relationship with Visual Studio (I’m a Vim guy), here is my C64 coding setup. (for now)
Needed:
Vice (C64 emulator (and more))
C64 Debugger (embeds above in an awesome debugger)
Visual Studio
Kickass C64 assembler (you need java for this)
(http://theweb.dk/KickAssembler/Main.html)
Visual Studio click extensions and add kickass by Captain Jinx
https://sourceforge.net/projects/c64-debugger/
This is Commodore 64, Atari XL/XE and NES code and memory debugger that works in real time. It is quick prototyping tool where you can play with Commodore 64 machine and its internals.
I’ve got mostly installed in /data
Change accordingly
Create new file, press ctrl-shift-p and invoke kickass debug!
Below board replaces 2364 (8k) with a 28c256 (32k 4 roms) socket.
My design in Kicad
The rom can be selected using the pressing restore while starting the C64. ( This button press to select is not my idea but I liked it, when I find the original idea I’ll post it.
After ordering and testing, I’ll attach the Gerber files.
JiffyDOS is an enhanced DOS for the C64. The software is programmed onto ROM chips that replace the Kernal ROM chip on the motherboard and the DOS ROM chip in the disk drive. JiffyDOS is intended to provide greater speed, commands and convenience than on stock systems.
The 1541 drive is a computer on its own, using a 6502 and VIA chips.
(See other pages) (C64 uses a 6510, that is the same slightly modified version of the 6502)
A cool example of the drive being an OS/computer on its own:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zprSxCMlECA
Some notes:
Did I misspell kernel? NO
(Below from Wikipedia)
The KERNAL was known as kernel inside of Commodore since the PET days, but in 1980 Robert Russell misspelled the word as kernal in his notebooks. When Commodore technical writers Neil Harris and Andy Finkel collected Russell’s notes and used them as the basis for the VIC-20 programmer’s manual, the misspelling followed them along and stuck.
Original Kernal: 901227-03
8-kilobyte 2364 ROM 4K * 8 bits PROM
28C265 = 32K * 8bits
Romselect should be /(a15 * a14 * a13) depending on ram/rom switch.
| SEL0 | SEL1 | |
| 0 | 0 | rom0 |
| 0 | 1 | rom1 |
| 1 | 0 | rom2 |
| 1 | 1 | rom3 |
$E000-$FFFF – ROM
57344-65535
KERNAL ROM or RAM area (8192 bytes); depends on the value of bits #0-#2 of the processor port at memory address $0001
$FFFA-$FFFF – hardware vectors
%x0x: RAM area. %x1x: KERNAL ROM.
I’ve got the tools and Bigred made me enthusiastic again.
My goal is to make a C64 Cartridge from a PRG. And Not any program, it is the 8085 Emulator from Sepp.
Serveral problems i have to ‘fix’
Luckily i have the source! How cool is that
For version 4.73 it states : Starting at $0820 .. but my hexdump is off by one??!?
root@battlestation:/home/fash/Projects/minipro# hexdump -C /tmp/8085.prg | head 00000000 01 08 1e 08 c5 07 9e 32 30 38 30 20 42 59 20 4d |.......2080 BY M| 00000010 41 52 54 49 4e 20 4d 45 59 45 52 49 4e 4b 00 00 |ARTIN MEYERINK..| 00000020 00 20 ec 08 20 7f 19 20 2b 2c 20 11 19 20 b8 08 |. .. .. +, .. ..| 00000030 20 20 2c 20 a0 2c 20 f2 2c 20 11 e1 4c 00 15 aa | , ., ., ..L...| 00000040 aa a2 06 ad b7 08 9d 48 d8 bd 48 04 20 88 39 9d |.......H..H. .9.| 00000050 48 04 ca 10 ee a9 60 8d 4c 04 4c 50 47 00 a9 d0 |H.....`.L.LPG...| 00000060 2c a9 f0 8d 45 1f 4c 11 e1 1e 93 0d 20 20 4d 41 |,...E.L..... MA| 00000070 52 54 49 4e 20 4d 45 59 45 52 49 4e 4b 27 53 0d |RTIN MEYERINK'S.| 00000080 0d 20 38 30 38 35 20 45 4d 55 4c 41 54 4f 52 20 |. 8085 EMULATOR | 00000090 20 56 34 2e 38 30 0d 0d 20 20 28 43 29 20 31 20 | V4.80.. (C) 1 |
00000020 00 20 ec starts with 00 at $0020 .. and not 20 ?!?!
Tools used until now:
Card Low starts at $8000, so that’s the place where those roms are going to be.
To place on this address:
Copy routine : from ($8000 + this copy routine) to $0820
When to decompress??
jmp routine to $0820
Also nice: Magic Desk Cartridge Generator V3.0
UPDATE: 20220811
exomizer sfx 0x0820 8085.prg -o data.exo # Compress and start at 0x0820 xa frame.asm -o frame.bin # Add code and write binary x64 --cart16 frame.bin # Test cartridge with Vice
frame.asm
;----------------------------------------------------------
; example usage
; xa frame.asm -o frame.bin
; cartconv -t normal -i frame.bin -n 'my cart' -o frame.crt
; x64 -cartcrt frame.crt
;----------------------------------------------------------
;no load-adress for bin-file, so no header here
*=$8000
.word launcher ;cold start
.word launcher ;warm start
.byte $c3 ;c
.byte $c2 ;b
.byte $cd ;m
.byte $38 ;8
.byte $30 ;0
launcher
stx $d016
jsr $fda3 ;prepare irq
jsr $fd50 ;init memory
jsr $fd15 ;init i/o
jsr $ff5b ;init video
;make sure this sets up everything you need,
;the calls above are probably sufficient
ldx #$fb
txs
;set up starting code outside of cartridge-area
move_starter
ldx #(starter_end-starter_start)
loop1
lda starter_start,x
sta $100,x
dex
bpl loop1
jmp $100
;---------------------------------
starter_start
ldx #$40 ;64 pages = 256 * 64 = 16384 Bytes
ldy #0
loop
src
lda exomized_data,y
dst
sta $801,y
iny
bne loop
inc src+2-starter_start+$100
inc dst+2-starter_start+$100
dex
bpl loop
;make sure settings for $01 and IRQ etc are correct for your code
;remember THIS table from AAY64:
; Bit+-------------+-----------+------------+
; 210| $8000-$BFFF |$D000-$DFFF|$E000-$FFFF |
; +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
; | 7 |111| Cart.+Basic | I/O | Kernal ROM |
; +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
; | 6 |110| RAM | I/O | Kernal ROM |
; +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
; | 5 |101| RAM | I/O | RAM |
; +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
; | 4 |100| RAM | RAM | RAM |
; +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
; | 3 |011| Cart.+Basic | Char. ROM | Kernal ROM |
; +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
; | 2 |010| RAM | Char. ROM | Kernal ROM |
; +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
; | 1 |001| RAM | Char. ROM | RAM |
; +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
; | 0 |000| RAM | RAM | RAM |
; +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
lda #$35 ;cart is always on instead of BASIC unless it can be switched off via software
sta $01
jmp $80d ;for exomizer, i.e.
starter_end
;----------------------------------
exomized_data
.bin 2,0,"data.exo"
;syntax for exomizer 2.0.1:
;exomizer sfx sys game.prg -o data.exo
main_file_end
;fill up full $4000 bytes for bin file ($c000-$8000=$4000)
.dsb ($c000-main_file_end),0
Exomiser info
Reading "8085.prg", loading from $0801 to $4CE9.
Crunching from $0801 to $4CE9.
Phase 1: Instrumenting file
-----------------------------
Length of indata: 17640 bytes.
[building.directed.acyclic.graph.building.directed.acyclic.graph.]
Instrumenting file, done.
Phase 2: Calculating encoding
-----------------------------
pass 1: optimizing ..
[finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.pat]
size 80273.0 bits ~10035 bytes
pass 2: optimizing ..
[finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.pat]
size 80039.0 bits ~10005 bytes
pass 3: optimizing ..
Calculating encoding, done.
Phase 3: Generating output file
------------------------------
Encoding: 1101112133423160,1122,2010223445667788,032144406789BBCD
Length of crunched data: 10034 bytes.
Crunched data reduced 7606 bytes (43.12%)
Target is self-decrunching C64 executable,
jmp address $0820.
Writing "data.exo" as prg, saving from $0801 to $304C.
Memory layout: |Start |End |
Crunched data | $07E7| $2F18|
Decrunched data | $0801| $4CE9|
Decrunch table | $0334| $03D0|
Decruncher | $00FD| $01C0| and $9F,$A7,$AE,$AF
Decrunch effect writes to $DBE7.
Decruncher: |Enter |During|Exit |
RAM config | $37| $37| $37|
IRQ enabled | 1| 1| 1|
UPDATE:20230126
; CODE COPY FROM http://www.lemon64.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=60786&sid=2559442c8b963d7aac27cb13b493f372
; Thanks for posting: Richard of TND
; this is for a 16KB cart, using ACME!!
!to "mycart.crt",cart16crt
scr = $0400
DecrunchADDR = 2061 ;SYS 2061 (HEX $080D)
*=$8000
!word launcher
!word launcher
!byte $c3,$c2,$cd,$38,$30 ;CBM 80
launcher
sei
stx $d016
jsr $fda3 ;prepare irq
jsr $fd50 ;input memory
jsr $fd15 ;initialise i/o
jsr $ff5b ;initialise video memory
;For a more professional boot up. Make
;the border and screen black. AFTER
;the video memory, etc has finished.
lda #$00
sta $d020
sta $d021
cli
;Switch off the screen.
lda $d011
and #%11101111
sta $d011
;Move transfer code over to the screen
;memory.
ldx #$00
tloop lda transfer,x
sta scr,x
inx
bne tloop
jmp scr
transfer
ldx #$00
tr1 lda linkedgame,x ;Move from linked address
sta $0801,x ;Direct to BASIC start address
inx
bne tr1
inc scr+4
inc scr+7
lda scr+4
bne transfer
jsr $e453 ;load basic vectors
jsr $e3bf ;init basic ram
ldx #$fb
txs
;Execute the game, by jumping to the
;de-cruncher's start address.
;jmp $0820
jmp DecrunchADDR
;Link crunched game as a PRG file to memory after
;the cartridge build code.
linkedgame
!bin "8085sys.prg",,2
FileSize = *
!if FileSize >$c000 {
!error "FILE SIZE IS TOO BIG TO FIT 16KB CARTRIDGE"
} else {
*=$c000
}
Exomizer:
exomizer sfx sys 8085.prg -o 8085sys.prg Reading "8085.prg", loading from $0801 to $4CE9. Crunching from $0801 to $4CE9. Phase 1: Instrumenting file ----------------------------- Length of indata: 17640 bytes. [building.directed.acyclic.graph.building.directed.acyclic.graph.] Instrumenting file, done. Phase 2: Calculating encoding ----------------------------- pass 1: optimizing .. [finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.pat] size 80273.0 bits ~10035 bytes pass 2: optimizing .. [finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.pat] size 80039.0 bits ~10005 bytes pass 3: optimizing .. Calculating encoding, done. Phase 3: Generating output file ------------------------------ Encoding: 1101112133423160,1122,2010223445667788,032144406789BBCD Length of crunched data: 10034 bytes. Crunched data reduced 7606 bytes (43.12%) Target is self-decrunching C64 executable, jmp address $0820. Writing "8085sys.prg" as prg, saving from $0801 to $304C. Memory layout: |Start |End | Crunched data | $07E7| $2F18| Decrunched data | $0801| $4CE9| Decrunch table | $0334| $03D0| Decruncher | $00FD| $01C0| and $9F,$A7,$AE,$AF Decrunch effect writes to $DBE7. Decruncher: |Enter |During|Exit | RAM config | $37| $37| $37| IRQ enabled | 1| 1| 1|
exomizer sfx $\0801 8085.prg -o 8085out.prg Reading "8085.prg", loading from $0801 to $4CE9. Crunching from $0801 to $4CE9. Phase 1: Instrumenting file ----------------------------- Length of indata: 17640 bytes. [building.directed.acyclic.graph.building.directed.acyclic.graph.] Instrumenting file, done. Phase 2: Calculating encoding ----------------------------- pass 1: optimizing .. [finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.pat] size 80273.0 bits ~10035 bytes pass 2: optimizing .. [finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.pat] size 80039.0 bits ~10005 bytes pass 3: optimizing .. Calculating encoding, done. Phase 3: Generating output file ------------------------------ Encoding: 1101112133423160,1122,2010223445667788,032144406789BBCD Length of crunched data: 10034 bytes. Crunched data reduced 7606 bytes (43.12%) Target is self-decrunching C64 executable, jmp address $0801. Writing "8085out.prg" as prg, saving from $0801 to $304C. Memory layout: |Start |End | Crunched data | $07E7| $2F18| Decrunched data | $0801| $4CE9| Decrunch table | $0334| $03D0| Decruncher | $00FD| $01C0| and $9F,$A7,$AE,$AF Decrunch effect writes to $DBE7. Decruncher: |Enter |During|Exit | RAM config | $37| $37| $37| IRQ enabled | 1| 1| 1|
This looks okay: (monitor in vice)
Attaching crt in vice
Maybe one of these problems:
1) you CAN NOT use BASIC routines when a cart is inserted (without weird tricks, i.e.
storing BASIC routines on cart etc)
2) you need to be careful about $01 as you may map in ROM at $8000 without expecting it.
Please refer to this if in doubt:
http://unusedino.de/ec64/technical/aay/c64/memcfg.html
[3] You should also be careful about the usage of KERNAL routines as some of them
sweep across BASIC-code as well!