For a video project iḿ working on, i needed a vertical credit scroller.
I’ve put together a little howto.
Tools used:
And this is the result
I’ve got a ROM in my 6502 which can load programs at $0200.
When running own programs i want to use IRQ’s, but my rom is also using IRQ routines.
So i was wondering if i could ‘hijack’ this IRQ for own program purposes.
So i’ve altered the rom to use a vector in userspace.
All seems fine and dandy … buzzer is sounding, but no blinky leds.
When flashing the rom with only my program, everything works ..
So whats going on? .. anyone?
00000000 78 a9 6e 85 f1 a9 02 85 f2 58 a9 ff 8d 03 50 8d |x.n......X....P.| ; sei , lda #$6e, store $f1, lda #$02, store $f2 - so address $026e 00000010 02 50 a9 00 8d 01 50 8d 00 50 85 04 20 45 02 a9 |.P....P..P.. E..| 00000020 77 8d 04 50 a9 07 8d 05 50 20 2f 02 4c 29 02 38 |w..P....P /.L).8| 00000030 a5 00 e5 04 c9 19 90 0c a9 40 4d 00 50 8d 00 50 |.........@M.P..P| 00000040 a5 00 85 04 60 a9 00 85 00 85 01 85 02 85 03 a9 |....`...........| 00000050 c0 8d 0b 50 a9 a0 8d 0e 50 a9 0e 8d 08 50 a9 27 |...P....P....P.'| 00000060 8d 09 50 a9 00 8d 04 50 8d 05 50 58 60 40 48 a9 |..P....P..PX`@H.| ; at $6e opcode 48 (pha) 00000070 0e 8d 08 50 a9 27 8d 09 50 e6 00 d0 0a e6 01 d0 |...P.'..P.......| 00000080 06 e6 02 d0 02 e6 03 68 4c f3 00 |.......hL..|
ROM parts
MYIRQ = $F0 ; Own IRQ vector <=================== my additions/alterations
; Below definitions for VIA 1 my loadable program uses VIA 2
PORTB = $6000 ; VIA port B
PORTA = $6001 ; VIA port A
DDRB = $6002 ; Data Direction Register B
DDRA = $6003 ; Data Direction Register A
-------------8<------- snip
PROGRAM_LOCATION = $0200 ; memory location for user programs
.org $8000
main: ; boot routine, first thing loaded
ldx #$ff ; initialize the stackpointer with 0xff
txs
; ISR redirect code <=================== my additions/alterations
sei
lda #$4C
sta MYIRQ
sta MYIRQ + 3
lda #<ISR
sta MYIRQ + 1
sta MYIRQ + 4
lda #>ISR
sta MYIRQ + 2
sta MYIRQ + 5
cli
; End ISR redirect <=================== till here
; below this the standard rom routines
-------------8<------- snip
.org $FFC9 ; as close as possible to the ROM's end
ISR: <====================== Whole ISR not my code
CURRENT_RAM_ADDRESS = Z0 ; a RAM address handle for indirect writing
pha
tya
pha
lda ISR_FIRST_RUN ; check whether we are called for the first time
bne .write_data ; if not, just continue writing
lda #1 ; otherwise set the first time marker
sta ISR_FIRST_RUN ; and return from the interrupt
jmp .doneisr
.write_data:
lda #$01 ; progressing state of loading operation
sta LOADING_STATE ; so program_ram routine knows, data's still flowing
lda PORTB ; load serial data byte
ldy #0
sta (CURRENT_RAM_ADDRESS),Y ; store byte at current RAM location
; increase the 16bit RAM location
inc CURRENT_RAM_ADDRESS_L
bne .doneisr
inc CURRENT_RAM_ADDRESS_H
.doneisr
pla ; restore Y
tay
pla ; restore A
rti
.org $fffc
.word main ; Main ROM program
.word MYIRQ ; Redirect to OWN irq vector <=================== my additions/alterations
RAM Program
; Second VIA stuff
PORTB = $5000
PORTA = $5001
DDRB = $5002
DDRA = $5003
;------------------8<-------------
; Vector pointer on zero page
MYIRQ = $F0
ticks = $00 ; 4 Bytes
toggle_time = $04 ; 1 Byte
.org $0200
start:
; IRQ REDIRECT
sei ; irq masked
lda #<irq ; get low byte IRQ routine address
sta MYIRQ + 1 ; store at $F1
lda #>irq ; get high part of address
sta MYIRQ + 2 ; store at $F2
cli ; irq enabled
; IRQ END REDIRECT
; init of program part
lda #%11111111
sta DDRA
sta DDRB
lda #$00
sta PORTA
sta PORTB
sta toggle_time
jsr init_timer
lda #$77
sta T1CL
lda #$07
sta T1CH
loop: ; loop
jsr update_led ; update led routine
jmp loop
update_led:
sec
lda ticks
sbc toggle_time
cmp #25
bcc exit_update_led
; Toggle led
lda #%01000000
eor PORTB
sta PORTB
lda ticks
sta toggle_time
exit_update_led:
rts
;-----------------------------8<------------- snip
irq:
pha
lda #$0e
sta T2CL
lda #$27
sta T2CH
inc ticks
bne end_irq
inc ticks + 1
bne end_irq
inc ticks + 2
bne end_irq
inc ticks + 3
end_irq:
pla
jmp MYIRQ + 3 ; jmp to vector which points to ROM routine ; should be $FFC9
Work in progress code
PORT2B = $5000 ; VIA PORTB PORT2A = $5001 ; VIA PORTA DDR2B = $5002 ; Data direction register DDR2A = $5003 ; Data direction register PORTB = $6000 ; display PORTA = $6001 ; control display + matrix keyboard DDRB = $6002 ; data direction register DDRA = $6003 ; data direction register SID = $7000 ; sid base address E = %10000000 ; enable bit RW = %01000000 ; RW bit RS = %00100000 ; Register Select bit HOME = %00000010 ; VIA PORTB HOME command DADDR = %00010000 ; VIA DADDRESS LINENO = $0200 ; temp address linenumber (move to other location) NEXTLINE = 40 ; 2x16 Chars but internally 40 .org $8000 reset: ldx #$ff txs ; reset stack ; ################################################### ; # DISPLAY CONTROL # ; ################################################### ; VIA Setup lda #%11111111 ; Set all pins on port B to output sta DDRB lda #%11100000 ; Set top 3 pins on port A to output sta DDRA ; DISPLAY Setup lda #%00111000 ; Set 8-bit mode; 2-line display; 5x8 font jsr lcd_instruction lda #%00001110 ; Display on; cursor on; blink off jsr lcd_instruction lda #%00000110 ; Increment and shift cursor; don't shift display jsr lcd_instruction lda #$00000001 ; Clear display jsr lcd_instruction ; ################################################### ; # PRINT MESSAGE LINE NO 0 # ; ################################################### lda #0 ; set line number sta LINENO ; store for subroutine jsr gotoline ; move cursor ldx #0 ; message index pointer print: lda message0,x ; start of message beq nextprint ; stop when null in message (asciiz <- Zero padded) jsr print_char ; print char inx ; incr index jmp print ; resume print ; ################################################### ; # PRINT MESSAGE LINE NO 1 # ; ################################################### nextprint: lda #1 ; set line number sta LINENO ; store jsr gotoline ldx #0 ; index pointer print2: lda message1,x ; absolute address message + x in A beq sidsound ; if x is 0, end of message jsr print_char ; jump subroutine inx ; increment x jmp print2 ; loop print2 ; ################################################### ; # SID SOUND # ; ################################################### sidsound: lda #0 sta SID+$5 ; attack/decay duration lda #250 sta SID+$6 ; sustain level/release duration lda #$95 ; frequency voice 1 low byte sta SID+$0 lda #$44 ; frequency voice 1 high byte sta SID+$1 lda #%00100001 ; sawtooth + gate sta SID+$4 ; control register voice 1 lda #$0f ; filter mode and volume (bits 3-0 main volume) sta SID+$18 ; filter mode and volume ; ################################################### ; # 2ND VIA # ; ################################################### lda #%11111111 ; set port A output sta DDR2A lda #%11111111 ; all ones! sta PORT2A ; ################################################### lda #%11111111 ; set port A output sta DDR2A lda #%11111111 ; all ones! sta PORT2A ; ################################################### ; # MAIN PROGRAM LOOP # ; ################################################### loop: jmp loop ; 1234567812345678 message0: .asciiz "VIA 1,2 SID TEST" message1: .asciiz " FASH 2022 " ; ################################################### ; # ONLY SUBROUTINES # ; ################################################### ; ################################################### ; # Subroutine gotoline # ; # Moves character placement position on display # ; # Needs : $LINENO ADDRESS # ; # Exit values : - # ; # Destroys registers: - # ; ################################################### gotoline: pha ; store a txa pha ; store x ldx LINENO lda #HOME ; cursor down jsr lcd_instruction lda #$80 nextline: ldx LINENO cpx #00 beq endnextlines loopline: adc #40 jsr lcd_instruction dex stx LINENO jmp nextline endnextlines: pla ; pop a tax ; a to x pla ; pop a rts ; ################################################### ; # LCD SUBROUTINES # ; ################################################### lcd_wait: pha lda #%00000000 ; Port B is input sta DDRB lcdbusy: lda #RW sta PORTA lda #(RW | E) sta PORTA lda PORTB and #%10000000 bne lcdbusy lda #RW sta PORTA lda #%11111111 ; Port B is output sta DDRB pla rts lcd_instruction: jsr lcd_wait sta PORTB lda #0 ; Clear RS/RW/E bits sta PORTA lda #E ; Set E bit to send instruction sta PORTA lda #0 ; Clear RS/RW/E bits sta PORTA rts print_char: jsr lcd_wait sta PORTB lda #RS ; Set RS; Clear RW/E bits sta PORTA lda #(RS | E) ; Set E bit to send instruction sta PORTA lda #RS ; Clear E bits sta PORTA rts nmi: rti irq: rti .org $fffa .word nmi .word reset .word irq ; .word $0000
First test to make a personalised logo for myself to use embedded on movies or in OBS streams.
Created a simple animation in Blender.
We need to export in RGBA (A for aplha), One of the supported video codex you can use is : Quicktime – QT rle.
Select this one, and make sure it’s RGBA and not RGB
Now i can use the exported video file in OBS for streaming.
I made the animation i a way that it can be looped.
(Don’t forget to set this option in OBS.)
Also useable in Kdenlive editor as watermark.
When i play around with Arduino’s which i have flashed and start with their own access points. It’s sometimes not clear which remote IP is connected.
Applications like Tasmota,Wled and Easyesp startup with their own Access Point, which you can use to connect to and configure them to your real accesspoint.
So you connect to this temporary AP, and want to remote access it with your phone’s browser. Not all apps (certainly not my apps) have a captive portal. Most won’t .. Which ip to use to connect?
Install JuiceSSH of you don’t have it .. it’s a must have really
Select quick connect – local device
Enter command “ip neigh”, It wil show devices connected to your android phone or which where broadcasting in your network-neighbourhood
Most of the times it also your default gw .. which can be found in settings. But above gives you more information.
I used to draw my network using inkscape, or graphviz. But the last years i’ve been using DrawIO. A friend is drawing his. So i posted some tips.
When using inkscape, i liked the way that i could view more or less details using layers. But editing was hard.
Getting DrawIO:
There is a online version: https://app.diagrams.net/
You can download a AppImage
And .. install it in your nextcloud, which is the way i’m using it.
(Login as admin, click Apps and search for draw.io)
Some tips on using images ..
Below is a example of a Mikrotik switch with connector points.
Use a search engine to look for images, the ones with front facing connectors are easier to use.
I always look for images which have a transparent background.
Using google you can use below ‘trick’
google > images > tools > color > transparent
Just copy-paste into your DrawIO document, it is better to have a large picture which you can resize as the other way around.
Adding connection points:
Left click the image in DrawIO, right mouse and Edit connection points
Now you can place/remove edit connection points.
Due to security reasons i won’t be posting my complete network image ..
Another tip:
Device is not straight, so its harder to get the connections right. Besides that, the lines are below the device. Click line and select bring to front.
How much fun …. just wanted to share my recording
I’ve written some tools for my keyboard like a mqtt client, but this is someone else’s. But it gave me some ideas …
My keyboard is a Razer BlackWidow V3
As previously posted, i had an idea to create a dual matrix keyboard mashup using available components.
I mentioned that “it should theoretically work”. But only being using atf22v10c for a couple of days. It was a long shot.
I’ve put it to the test .. and it worked first time.
I can use above, to connect my extended matrix keyboard to a 6522 VIA chip using 5 pins and sending a data available signal to CA1.
In this case designed for my 6502, but it is a generic setup.
I it just a dual 16key matrix decoder merged together. You can probably use this with raspberries, arduinos etc.
I wanted to use 74C923 but these are nowhere to be found. And even then, the number of keys wil be 20.
So i am tying together two 74C922 using some logic in a PLD.
It wil be something like above. Using the data availabe signal i can combine both 16key matrixes. (In theory .. it is all untested)
PLD Code
GAL22V10 Address Decoder PHI2 DA0 DA1 D01 D02 D03 D04 D11 D12 D13 D14 GND NC D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 DA NC NC NC NC VCC DA = DA0 + DA1 D0 = D01 & DA0 + D11 & DA1 D1 = D02 & DA0 + D12 & DA1 D2 = D03 & DA0 + D13 & DA1 D3 = D04 & DA0 + D14 & DA1 D4 = DA1 DESCRIPTION Key matrix merger
I’ve got my new keys of the keyboard in today!
My inkscape template (keys are 10/10mm)
Printed on white and red paper
https://media.henriaanstoot.nl/keyboardmatrix.svg
Next to try is a VR setup.
Another blender project i’m planning to do this week is a movie displaying my logo to overlay on my videos.
So i have to render a transparent movie for this.
Howto:
Open a scene, i took the liberty to get one from blenderkit.
Change output to cycles, eevee doesn’t work
Make x/y large enough in output tab. X = 2 * Y !
Next select your camera, and open camera tab
Change Type to panoramic and then you can change panorama type to Equirectangular
Position your camera and hit F12, it wil take a long time!
You get something like this
Use a proper plugin for your website, or view with your VR glasses!