Tag Archives: arduino

Servo’s Rotary encoders, Node-red and Mqtt

Multiple rotary encoders are controlling a servo based lock. 3 players have to work together to open the lock.

Secure MQTT rotary encoder (Can be used over the internet)
Servo based lock
Lock Mockup
Node red test logic

Arduino Rotary button (mqtt)

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>

#define encoderCLK 5   //D1
#define encoderDT 4    //D2
int servoAngle = 0;
int crntCLK;
int prvsCLK;
String myString;
char ang[50];

#ifndef SECRET
const char ssid[] = "MYSSID";
const char pass[] = "MSSIDPASS";

#define HOSTNAME "rotary1"

const char MQTT_HOST[] = "securemqttserver";
const int MQTT_PORT = 8883;
const char MQTT_USER[] = "user"; // leave blank if no credentials used
const char MQTT_PASS[] = "pass"; // leave blank if no credentials used

const char MQTT_SUB_TOPIC[] = "escape/" HOSTNAME "/in";
const char MQTT_PUB_TOPIC[] = "escape/" HOSTNAME "/out";
const char MQTT_PUB_TOPIC_angle[] = "escape/" HOSTNAME "/angle";

#ifdef CHECK_CA_ROOT
static const char digicert[] PROGMEM = R"EOF(
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIFtTCCA52gAwIBAgIUXEEQRLHhYox8a95YiAYX/wQ/XeMwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEN
----8< snip snap
CyLjTT2rtllw==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
)EOF";
    #endif

    #ifdef CHECK_PUB_KEY
    // Extracted by: openssl x509 -pubkey -noout -in ca.crt
    static const char pubkey[] PROGMEM = R"KEY(
    -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    xxxxxxxx
    -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
    )KEY";
    #endif

    #ifdef CHECK_FINGERPRINT
	// Extracted by: openssl x509 -fingerprint -in ca.crt
    static const char fp[] PROGMEM = "AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF:00:11:22:33:44:55:66:77:88:99:AA:BB:CC:DD";
    #endif
#endif

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#if (defined(CHECK_PUB_KEY) and defined(CHECK_CA_ROOT)) or (defined(CHECK_PUB_KEY) and defined(CHECK_FINGERPRINT)) or (defined(CHECK_FINGERPRINT) and defined(CHECK_CA_ROOT)) or (defined(CHECK_PUB_KEY) and defined(CHECK_CA_ROOT) and defined(CHECK_FINGERPRINT))
  #error "cant have both CHECK_CA_ROOT and CHECK_PUB_KEY enabled"
#endif

BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure net;
PubSubClient client(net);

time_t now;
unsigned long lastMillis = 0;

void mqtt_connect()
{
  while (!client.connected()) {
    Serial.print("Time: ");
    Serial.print(ctime(&now));
    Serial.print("MQTT connecting ... ");
    if (client.connect(HOSTNAME, MQTT_USER, MQTT_PASS)) {
      Serial.println("connected.");
      client.subscribe(MQTT_SUB_TOPIC);
    } else {
      Serial.print("failed, status code =");
      Serial.print(client.state());
      Serial.println(". Try again in 5 seconds.");
      /* Wait 5 seconds before retrying */
      delay(5000);
    }
  }
}

void receivedCallback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {
  Serial.print("Received [");
  Serial.print(topic);
  Serial.print("]: ");
  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    Serial.print((char)payload[i]);
  }
}

void setup()
{
  pinMode (encoderCLK,INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode (encoderDT,INPUT_PULLUP);
  prvsCLK = digitalRead(encoderCLK);
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println();
  Serial.print("Attempting to connect to SSID: ");
  Serial.print(ssid);
  WiFi.hostname(HOSTNAME);
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
  {
    Serial.print(".");
    delay(1000);
  }
  Serial.println("connected!");

  Serial.print("Setting time using SNTP");
  configTime(1 * 3600, 0, "pool.ntp.org", "time.nist.gov");
  now = time(nullptr);
  while (now < 1510592825) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
    now = time(nullptr);
  }
  Serial.println("done!");
  struct tm timeinfo;
  gmtime_r(&now, &timeinfo);
  Serial.print("Current time: ");
  Serial.print(asctime(&timeinfo));

  #ifdef CHECK_CA_ROOT
    BearSSL::X509List cert(digicert);
    net.setTrustAnchors(&cert);
  #endif
  #ifdef CHECK_PUB_KEY
    BearSSL::PublicKey key(pubkey);
    net.setKnownKey(&key);
  #endif
  #ifdef CHECK_FINGERPRINT
    net.setFingerprint(fp);
  #endif
  #if (!defined(CHECK_PUB_KEY) and !defined(CHECK_CA_ROOT) and !defined(CHECK_FINGERPRINT))
    net.setInsecure();
  #endif

  client.setServer(MQTT_HOST, MQTT_PORT);
  client.setCallback(receivedCallback);
  mqtt_connect();
}

void loop()
{
   crntCLK = digitalRead(encoderCLK);

 if (crntCLK != prvsCLK){
      // If the encoderDT state is different than the encoderCLK state then the rotary encoder is rotating counterclockwise
        if (digitalRead(encoderDT) != crntCLK) {
          servoAngle ++;

        }
        else {
          servoAngle --;
         }
         Serial.println(servoAngle);
          String myString = String(servoAngle);
          myString.toCharArray(ang, myString.length() + 1);
          client.publish(MQTT_PUB_TOPIC_angle, ang, false);
 }
  prvsCLK = crntCLK; 
  
  now = time(nullptr);
  if (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
  {
    Serial.print("Checking wifi");
    while (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED)
    {
      WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
      Serial.print(".");
      delay(10);
    }
    Serial.println("connected");
  }
  else
  {
    if (!client.connected())
    {
      mqtt_connect();
    }
    else
    {
      client.loop();
    }
  }

  if (millis() - lastMillis > 5000) {
    lastMillis = millis();
    client.publish(MQTT_PUB_TOPIC, ctime(&now), false);
  }
}

Arduino 3 servos using mqtt

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
#include <Servo.h> 
Servo lock1; 
Servo lock2;
Servo lock3;

const char* ssid = "MYSSID";                // WiFi SSID
const char* password = "MYSSIDPASS";        // WiFi Password
const char* mqtt_server = "MQTTSERVER";  // IP Broker MQTT
const char* topic_lock1 = "escape/servo/lock1";
const char* topic_lock2 = "escape/servo/lock2";
const char* topic_lock3 = "escape/servo/lock3";
 
WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);
long lastMsg = 0;
char msg[50];
int value = 0;

void setup() {

  Serial.begin(115200);
  lock1.attach(D1);
  lock2.attach(D2);
  lock3.attach(D3);
  setup_wifi();
  client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);
  client.setCallback(callback);
}

void setup_wifi() {
  delay(10);
  // We start by connecting to a WiFi network
  Serial.println();
  Serial.print("Connecting to ");
  Serial.println(ssid);

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }

  Serial.println("");
  Serial.println("WiFi connected");
  Serial.println("IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}

void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {
 String string;
 Serial.print("Message arrived [");
 Serial.print(topic);
 Serial.print("] ");
 for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
 string+=((char)payload[i]); 
 }
 Serial.print(string);
 Serial.print(" toInt ");
 int pos = string.toInt(); 
 Serial.println(pos);

 
 if ( strcmp(topic, topic_lock1) == 0 ) {
 Serial.print("lock1 ");
 Serial.println(pos);
 lock1.write(pos); 
 }
 if ( strcmp(topic, topic_lock2) == 0 ) {
 Serial.print("lock2 ");
 Serial.println(pos);
 lock2.write(pos); 
 }
 if ( strcmp(topic, topic_lock3) == 0 ) {
 Serial.print("lock3 ");
 Serial.println(pos);
 lock3.write(pos); 
 }
 
 delay(15); 
}

void reconnect() {
  // Loop until we're reconnected
  while (!client.connected()) {
    Serial.print("Attempting MQTT connection...");
    // Attempt to connect
    if (client.connect("ESP8266servolocks")) {
      Serial.println("connected");
      client.subscribe(topic_lock1); 
      client.subscribe(topic_lock2); 
      client.subscribe(topic_lock3); 
    } else {
      Serial.print("failed, rc=");
      Serial.print(client.state());
      Serial.println(" try again in 5 seconds");
      // Wait 5 seconds before retrying
      delay(5000);
    }
  }
}
void loop() {   
  if (!client.connected()) {
    reconnect();
  }
  client.loop();
  delay(100);
}

TM1637 7 Segment Module (with mqtt )

These tiny modules use a Clock and Data signal.
The rest of the pins are for 3.3V and Gnd.

There are many libraries you can choose from, i’ve tried several.
For now, i ended up with this one.

Another promising one is https://github.com/AKJ7/TM1637
Another one i’ve tested https://github.com/bxparks/AceSegment

Now i have to add Wifi and Mqtt so it can remotely controlled.

Connected like this

Code with Wifi/Mqtt

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <TM1637Display.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>

const char* ssid = "MYSSID";
const char* password = "MYSSIDPASS";
const char* mqtt_server = "MQTT-SERVER-IP";
 
const int CLK = D6; //Set the CLK pin connection to the display
const int DIO = D5; //Set the DIO pin connection to the display
 
int numCounter = 0;
int mydata = 0;
 
// The amount of time (in milliseconds) between tests
#define TEST_DELAY   2000

const uint8_t SEG_DONE[] = {
  SEG_B | SEG_C | SEG_D | SEG_E | SEG_G,           // d
  SEG_A | SEG_B | SEG_C | SEG_D | SEG_E | SEG_F,   // O
  SEG_C | SEG_E | SEG_G,                           // n
  SEG_A | SEG_D | SEG_E | SEG_F | SEG_G            // E
  };

TM1637Display display(CLK, DIO);

WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);
unsigned long lastMsg = 0;
#define MSG_BUFFER_SIZE  (50)
char msg[MSG_BUFFER_SIZE];
int value = 0;


void setup()
{
 display.setBrightness(0x0a); //set the diplay to maximum brightness
  Serial.begin(115200);
  setup_wifi();
  client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);
  client.setCallback(callback);
}


void setup_wifi() {

  delay(10);
  // We start by connecting to a WiFi network
  Serial.println();
  Serial.print("Connecting to ");
  Serial.println(ssid);

  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }

  client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);
  client.setCallback(callback);


  randomSeed(micros());

  Serial.println("");
  Serial.println("WiFi connected");
  Serial.println("IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}



void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {
  char buffer[4];
  Serial.print("Message arrived [");
  Serial.print(topic);
  Serial.print("] ");
  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    Serial.print((char)payload[i]);
    buffer[i] = int(payload[i]);
  }
  Serial.println();
//  mydata=int(payload[0])+int(payload[1]*10);
int  n;
n = atoi(buffer);

  display.showNumberDec(n); //Display the numCounter value;


}




void reconnect() {
  // Loop until we're reconnected
  while (!client.connected()) {
    Serial.print("Attempting MQTT connection...");
    // Create a random client ID
    String clientId = "ESP8266Client-";
    clientId += String(random(0xffff), HEX);
    // Attempt to connect
    if (client.connect(clientId.c_str())) {
      Serial.println("connected");
      // Once connected, publish an announcement...
      client.publish("escape/seg1ping", "seg1alive");
      // ... and resubscribe
      client.subscribe("escape/seg1data");
    } else {
      Serial.print("failed, rc=");
      Serial.print(client.state());
      Serial.println(" try again in 5 seconds");
      // Wait 5 seconds before retrying
      delay(5000);
    }
  }
}

void loop() {

  if (!client.connected()) {
    reconnect();
  }
  client.loop();

  unsigned long now = millis();
  if (now - lastMsg > 2000) {
    lastMsg = now;
    ++value;
    snprintf (msg, MSG_BUFFER_SIZE, "seg1alive #%ld", value);
    Serial.print("Publish message: ");
    Serial.println(msg);
    client.publish("escape/seg1ping", msg);
  }
}

Connect the wires puzzle

As part of my internet based escape room.

I took the idea from the Keep-talking-and-nobody-explodes game.

When starting up, is gets the configuration from a Mqtt Topic.
So i can create a different setup over the internet.

The result is also send back via MQTT.

(example play, all players are on different locations)

  • Player 1 figures out the wires.
  • Player 2 connects the wires.
  • Player 3 sees the result (correct or not) and next puzzle opens up for Player 3

I used a wire with a line. Multiple colors for jacks and sockets.
It’s also possible to connect a jack to a jack.
Loads of possibilities.

Todo:

Wifi and Mqtt part
Debounce software or hardware

Arduino Concertina

Lets try to make a Electronic Concertina

UPDATE:
https://www.henriaanstoot.nl/2023/01/10/arduino-concertina-poc/
https://www.henriaanstoot.nl/2023/01/17/arduino-concertina-poc-2/

First design

So we need some pushbuttons … at least 14 .. for the most simple tunes.
A sensor for push and pull.
A buzzer or better yet .. a jack for earphones.
Arduino with enough pins to connect a keyboard matrix.
When using a keyboard matrix only single keypresses are detected.
So we cant do chords!

Radar module RCWL-0516 with MQTT

RCWL-0516 module (radar)

Last year i was playing with this radar module also, but today i made a version with MQTT and a linux client.
(There is a project on the internet which uses a HC-SR04, and a arduino connected to the Laptop. This setup is more sensitive and no need for a usb thinghy.)

HC-SR04 module (ultrasound)

Last years version, using a micro transformer and a ESP-12

When using MQTT i can integrate this in HomeAssistant, Domoticz, NodeRed and more.
But i’ve written a python script which runs on my Laptop.
For example i can: Kill vlc, change to my work desktop, stop sound output and lock the screen. (everything you can script)

I wanted to have a “mobile” version of the sensor so i can place it anywhere. (Frontdoor, gardengate, candydrawer 🙂 )

These modules are very cheap, but do their job well!

I’ve used a Wroom ESP32 and a BattBorg together with the module, that’s it.

Simplified schematic (without the battborg)

I’m using PIN34 as an analog input.

Radar module pins:

  • CDS not used
  • VIN 5V power
  • OUT 0-3.3V signal (analog)
  • GND
  • 3v3 not used

Arduino sketch

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
#include <Wire.h>

const char* ssid = "MYSSID";
const char* password = "MYPASS";
const char* mqtt_server = "IP-MQTT-SERVER";
const char* mqtt_username = "";
const char* mqtt_password = "";
const char* clientID = "radar";

const int tiltPin = 34;
int tiltState = 0;    
int previousState = 0;   

WiFiClient espClient;

PubSubClient client(espClient);

String translateEncryptionType(wifi_auth_mode_t encryptionType) {
 
  switch (encryptionType) {
    case (WIFI_AUTH_OPEN):
      return "Open";
    case (WIFI_AUTH_WEP):
      return "WEP";
    case (WIFI_AUTH_WPA_PSK):
      return "WPA_PSK";
    case (WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_PSK):
      return "WPA2_PSK";
    case (WIFI_AUTH_WPA_WPA2_PSK):
      return "WPA_WPA2_PSK";
    case (WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_ENTERPRISE):
      return "WPA2_ENTERPRISE";
  }
}
 
void scanNetworks() {
   int numberOfNetworks = WiFi.scanNetworks();
   Serial.print("Number of networks found: ");
  Serial.println(numberOfNetworks);
   for (int i = 0; i < numberOfNetworks; i++) {
 
    Serial.print("Network name: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.SSID(i));
 
    Serial.print("Signal strength: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.RSSI(i));
 
    Serial.print("MAC address: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.BSSIDstr(i));
 
    Serial.print("Encryption type: ");
    String encryptionTypeDescription = translateEncryptionType(WiFi.encryptionType(i));
    Serial.println(encryptionTypeDescription);
    Serial.println("-----------------------");
 
  }
}
 
void connectToNetwork() {
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
   while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(1000);
    Serial.println("Establishing connection to WiFi..");
  }
   Serial.println("Connected to network");
 }

void reconnect() {
  while (!client.connected()) {
    if (client.connect(clientID, mqtt_username, mqtt_password)) {
    } else {
      delay(2000);
    }
  }
}
void setup()
{
  {
    Serial.begin(115200);
    scanNetworks();
    connectToNetwork();
    Serial.println(WiFi.macAddress());
    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
    client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);
    pinMode(tiltPin, INPUT);
  }
}
void loop() {
  tiltState = analogRead(tiltPin);
    if (tiltState < 3048) {
      client.publish("radar/state", "0"); //
    } else {
      client.publish("radar/state", "1"); //
    }
     delay(100);
   {
    if (!client.connected()) {
      reconnect();
    }
    client.loop();
  }
}

Lockscreen!

Below shows the speed of detection, and sending though the network

Python script which does a lock-screen using XDOTOOL

from paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_client
import subprocess
import time

broker = 'MQTT-SERVER'
port = 1883
topic = "radar/state"
client_id = "radarclient"

def connect_mqtt() -> mqtt_client:
    def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
        if rc == 0:
            print("Connected to MQTT Broker!")
        else:
            print("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc)

    client = mqtt_client.Client(client_id)
    client.on_connect = on_connect
    client.connect(broker, port)
    return client

def subscribe(client: mqtt_client):
    def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
        state = msg.payload.decode()
        print (state)
        if state == "1":
            subprocess.Popen(["xdotool","key","Super_L+l"])
            time.sleep(30)


    client.subscribe(topic)
    client.on_message = on_message

def run():
    client = connect_mqtt()
    subscribe(client)
    client.loop_forever()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

change
subprocess.Popen([“xdotool”,”key”,”Super_L+l”])
into
subprocess.Popen([“switchdesktop”])
to run a script named switchdesktop

#!/bin/bash
# This is the switchdesktop script, it goes to the next screen using winows-page-down combo
xdotool key "Super_L+Page_Down"

Todo:

3D print a case
Make a version which becomes a Access Point.
Then make another arduino setup which controls my Nikon.
So it can act like a wildcam (offline)

Something like below, using a optocoupler ( i still got some leftovers from my doorbell to gpio-pin project.)

Composite video with Atmega328p

I started to get some composite video generated with a arduino for my 6502 project.

UPDATE: 20221021

It is based on Grant Searle’s design, and yesterday I had some signals on my scope which looked like a screen with a character. But my monitor would not recognize a usable signal.

Today I tried a second version and another set of chips and crystals.

It looks like a signal, but I can’t see a clock pulse from the crystal?! So .. how?

Maybe I used a bad power supply. And killed something?

UPDATE: 20221021

After switching to another power supply, and checking the atmega328p fuses again (also wrong) .. at least SOME success!

Still a little sync problem, but i’ve got a blinking cursor!
Some minipro info
#Erase
minipro -p ATMEGA328P@DIP28 -E

#Flash hex code
minipro -p ATMEGA328P@DIP28 -w SBCVideo.hex

#Flash fuses
minipro -p ATMEGA328P@DIP28 -e -c config -w fuses

#Used fuses file
lfuse = 0xf7
hfuse = 0xd9
efuse = 0xfc
lock = 0xff
lfuse = 0xff
hfuse = 0xff
efuse = 0xff
user_id0 = 0xff
user_id1 = 0xff
user_id2 = 0xff
user_id3 = 0xff
user_id4 = 0x37
user_id5 = 0x37
user_id6 = 0x39
user_id7 = 0x36


#Dump all from atmega328p
minipro -p ATMEGA328P@DIP28 -r dump -f ihex


Some info about the fuses:
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/projects/atmega328p-fuse-bits-and-an-external-crystal-oscillator

6502 update

  • New amplifier part using a LM386
  • Buzzer and led on VIA 2, blinky and sound timed by the internal timers of the 6522
  • ACIA testing still going on, writing software
  • Mini matrix keyboard removed, and used the temporary cursor buttons for the test with a rom which allows for a 8bits upload method using a arduino and the 6522. (I’m working on the big keyboard)

Work in progress code

PORT2B = $5000 		; VIA PORTB
PORT2A = $5001 		; VIA PORTA
DDR2B = $5002  		; Data direction register
DDR2A = $5003  		; Data direction register

PORTB = $6000 		; display
PORTA = $6001 		; control display + matrix keyboard
DDRB = $6002  		; data direction register
DDRA = $6003  		; data direction register
SID = $7000   		; sid base address

E  = %10000000		; enable bit
RW = %01000000		; RW bit 
RS = %00100000		; Register Select bit 
HOME = %00000010 	; VIA PORTB HOME command
DADDR = %00010000 	; VIA DADDRESS

LINENO = $0200		; temp address linenumber (move to other location)
NEXTLINE = 40		; 2x16 Chars but internally 40


  .org $8000

reset:
  ldx #$ff
  txs		; reset stack

; ###################################################
; #                 DISPLAY CONTROL                 #
; ###################################################
; VIA Setup

  lda #%11111111 	; Set all pins on port B to output
  sta DDRB
  lda #%11100000 	; Set top 3 pins on port A to output
  sta DDRA

; DISPLAY Setup
  lda #%00111000 	; Set 8-bit mode; 2-line display; 5x8 font
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #%00001110 	; Display on; cursor on; blink off
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #%00000110 	; Increment and shift cursor; don't shift display
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #$00000001 	; Clear display
  jsr lcd_instruction

; ###################################################
; #             PRINT MESSAGE LINE NO 0             #
; ###################################################
  lda #0  		; set line number
  sta LINENO      	; store for subroutine
  jsr gotoline		; move cursor

  ldx #0		; message index pointer
print:
  lda message0,x 	; start of message
  beq nextprint      	; stop when null in message (asciiz <- Zero padded)
  jsr print_char	; print char
  inx			; incr index
  jmp print		; resume print
; ###################################################
; #             PRINT MESSAGE LINE NO 1             #
; ###################################################
nextprint:
  lda #1  		; set line number
  sta LINENO      	; store
  jsr gotoline
  ldx #0  		; index pointer                 
print2:
  lda message1,x  	; absolute address message + x in A
  beq sidsound        	; if x is 0, end of message     
  jsr print_char  	; jump subroutine
  inx             	; increment x
  jmp print2      	; loop print2



; ###################################################
; #             SID SOUND                           #
; ###################################################
sidsound:
  lda #0		
  sta SID+$5		; attack/decay duration
  	
  lda #250
  sta SID+$6		; sustain level/release duration
  	
  lda #$95		; frequency voice 1 low byte
  sta SID+$0
  	
  lda #$44		; frequency voice 1 high byte
  sta SID+$1
  
  lda #%00100001	; sawtooth + gate
  sta SID+$4		; control register voice 1
  
  lda #$0f		; filter mode and volume (bits 3-0 main volume)
  sta SID+$18		; filter mode and volume



; ###################################################
; #             2ND VIA                             #
; ###################################################
  lda #%11111111 	; set port A output
  sta DDR2A

  lda #%11111111	; all ones!
  sta PORT2A
; ###################################################
  lda #%11111111 	; set port A output
  sta DDR2A

  lda #%11111111	; all ones!
  sta PORT2A



; ###################################################
; #             MAIN PROGRAM LOOP                   #
; ###################################################
loop:
  jmp loop
;                   1234567812345678
message0: .asciiz  "VIA 1,2 SID TEST"
message1: .asciiz  "   FASH  2022   "

; ###################################################
; #             ONLY SUBROUTINES                    #
; ###################################################

; ###################################################
; #             Subroutine gotoline                 #
; # Moves character placement position on display   #
; # Needs : $LINENO ADDRESS                         #
; # Exit values : -                                 #
; # Destroys registers: -                           #
; ###################################################

gotoline:
  pha                             ; store a
  txa
  pha                             ; store x
  ldx LINENO
  lda #HOME                       ; cursor down
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #$80
nextline:
  ldx LINENO
  cpx #00
  beq endnextlines
loopline:
  adc #40
  jsr lcd_instruction
  dex
  stx LINENO
  jmp nextline
endnextlines:
  pla                             ; pop a
  tax                             ; a to x
  pla                             ; pop a
  rts




; ###################################################
; #             LCD SUBROUTINES                     #
; ###################################################
lcd_wait:
  pha
  lda #%00000000  ; Port B is input
  sta DDRB
lcdbusy:
  lda #RW
  sta PORTA
  lda #(RW | E)
  sta PORTA
  lda PORTB
  and #%10000000
  bne lcdbusy
  lda #RW
  sta PORTA
  lda #%11111111  ; Port B is output
  sta DDRB
  pla
  rts
lcd_instruction:
  jsr lcd_wait
  sta PORTB
  lda #0         ; Clear RS/RW/E bits
  sta PORTA
  lda #E         ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTA
  lda #0         ; Clear RS/RW/E bits
  sta PORTA
  rts
print_char:
  jsr lcd_wait
  sta PORTB
  lda #RS         ; Set RS; Clear RW/E bits
  sta PORTA
  lda #(RS | E)   ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTA
  lda #RS         ; Clear E bits
  sta PORTA
  rts

nmi:
  rti

irq:
  rti

  .org $fffa
  .word nmi
  .word reset
  .word irq
;  .word $0000

Generic matrix keyboard

In this case designed for my 6502, but it is a generic setup.

I it just a dual 16key matrix decoder merged together. You can probably use this with raspberries, arduinos etc.

I wanted to use 74C923 but these are nowhere to be found. And even then, the number of keys wil be 20.
So i am tying together two 74C922 using some logic in a PLD.

First draft

It wil be something like above. Using the data availabe signal i can combine both 16key matrixes. (In theory .. it is all untested)

PLD Code

GAL22V10
Address Decoder

PHI2 DA0 DA1 D01 D02 D03 D04 D11 D12 D13 D14 GND
NC D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 DA NC NC NC NC VCC

DA = DA0 + DA1
D0 = D01 & DA0 + D11 & DA1
D1 = D02 & DA0 + D12 & DA1
D2 = D03 & DA0 + D13 & DA1
D3 = D04 & DA0 + D14 & DA1
D4 = DA1 

DESCRIPTION
Key matrix merger

I’ve got my new keys of the keyboard in today!

  • 0-F – hex keys
  • G = Go
  • R = Reset
  • S = Step
  • M = Memory
  • Cursor keys (up/down for memory locations)
  • ??? I’ve got room for 8 more keys

My inkscape template (keys are 10/10mm)

Printed on white and red paper

https://media.henriaanstoot.nl/keyboardmatrix.svg

6502 progress

UPDATE: 20220815, 20220814, 20220815, 20230202

Flashing ROMs .. (eeproms). It used to be a pain in the *$$.
Burning took a looong time. But clearing one with UV took .. 20 minutes or so. Using one of these:

Altered clock module

  • Changed button press
  • Dipswitches for more speed control (red .. upper left)

Changed Rom/Ram

  • Changed addressing
  • Added RAM
  • ZIF Socket for ROM

VIC 6522

  • Fixed clock
  • Added buttons for interrupt

Display

  • Display works now
  • To test: Create Address logic to access display without VIA
    Can work, but not at high speed clock. Stays behind VIA
  • To buy: st7920 lcd 128×64

Generic improvements

  • Rewired most parts, using color codes
    (Blue data, Yellow Address and so on)
  • Added leds on data and address bus using ULN2803 darlington arrays
  • 100nF Decoupling capacitors on the power rails

To do’s or ‘have to look into’s’

  • For sound i planned to use a General Instrument AY-3-8910, it is somewhere in my Lab, i know it is.
    I saved this chip and a SID for my Amiga addon soundcard.
    Where are my plans for the simple v1 setup? (FOUND IT)

  • I have to start writing rom functions for display usage. Like
    JSR $ff00 – Clear screen subroutine .. etc
  • I’m scraping information from websites, to get started on my clock controller.
    ATmega328 with ssd1306 display and rotary encoder/dip switches

Notes about the movie:
Left side is Arduino IDE monitor reading Addressbus and Databus.
(I’m going to try to rewrite this to realtime disassemble)
Resetting system.
Stepping CPU with manual clock pulses.
Start vector being read at $FFFC/$FFFD.
Program being run from $8000.
Set clock on automatic ( ~ about 150 Hz )
Last opcodes you see a JMP loop 4C 2F 80, that is JMP $802F
Display enlarged on video, was not visible on movie i took on mobile.
(Wrong angle?)

Breadboard overview

Clock moduleReset module + Crystal
CPU + nmi/int buttonsRAM and ROM
Address decode + Bus divideAddres/Data bus leds
6522 VIA + Display2nd via + Buttons
?(sound board)

TIL: 6502 can run without ram only rom,expect when using JSR … which uses a program stack in RAM

TODO:

  • Make Clock module and 1Mhz Crystal switchable
  • NMI and INT debounce maken
  • Software buttons
  • Buy new darlingtons, for controlbus!
    • r/w, int, chip enables, etc
  • Labels on chips/breadboards