Tag Archives: arduino

Arduino Concertina

2022-12-16 fash Leave a comment

Lets try to make a Electronic Concertina

UPDATE:
https://www.henriaanstoot.nl/2023/01/10/arduino-concertina-poc/
https://www.henriaanstoot.nl/2023/01/17/arduino-concertina-poc-2/

So we need some pushbuttons … at least 14 .. for the most simple tunes.
A sensor for push and pull.
A buzzer or better yet .. a jack for earphones.
Arduino with enough pins to connect a keyboard matrix.
When using a keyboard matrix only single keypresses are detected.
So we cant do chords!

IOT / Domoticz

Radar module RCWL-0516 with MQTT

2022-11-14 fash

Last year i was playing with this radar module also, but today i made a version with MQTT and a linux client.
(There is a project on the internet which uses a HC-SR04, and a arduino connected to the Laptop. This setup is more sensitive and no need for a usb thinghy.)

Last years version, using a micro transformer and a ESP-12

When using MQTT i can integrate this in HomeAssistant, Domoticz, NodeRed and more.
But i’ve written a python script which runs on my Laptop.
For example i can: Kill vlc, change to my work desktop, stop sound output and lock the screen. (everything you can script)

I wanted to have a “mobile” version of the sensor so i can place it anywhere. (Frontdoor, gardengate, candydrawer 🙂 )

These modules are very cheap, but do their job well!

I’ve used a Wroom ESP32 and a BattBorg together with the module, that’s it.

Simplified schematic (without the battborg)

I’m using PIN34 as an analog input.

Radar module pins:

CDS not used
VIN 5V power
OUT 0-3.3V signal (analog)
GND
3v3 not used

Arduino sketch

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
#include <Wire.h>

const char* ssid = "MYSSID";
const char* password = "MYPASS";
const char* mqtt_server = "IP-MQTT-SERVER";
const char* mqtt_username = "";
const char* mqtt_password = "";
const char* clientID = "radar";

const int tiltPin = 34;
int tiltState = 0;    
int previousState = 0;   

WiFiClient espClient;

PubSubClient client(espClient);

String translateEncryptionType(wifi_auth_mode_t encryptionType) {
 
  switch (encryptionType) {
    case (WIFI_AUTH_OPEN):
      return "Open";
    case (WIFI_AUTH_WEP):
      return "WEP";
    case (WIFI_AUTH_WPA_PSK):
      return "WPA_PSK";
    case (WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_PSK):
      return "WPA2_PSK";
    case (WIFI_AUTH_WPA_WPA2_PSK):
      return "WPA_WPA2_PSK";
    case (WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_ENTERPRISE):
      return "WPA2_ENTERPRISE";
  }
}
 
void scanNetworks() {
   int numberOfNetworks = WiFi.scanNetworks();
   Serial.print("Number of networks found: ");
  Serial.println(numberOfNetworks);
   for (int i = 0; i < numberOfNetworks; i++) {
 
    Serial.print("Network name: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.SSID(i));
 
    Serial.print("Signal strength: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.RSSI(i));
 
    Serial.print("MAC address: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.BSSIDstr(i));
 
    Serial.print("Encryption type: ");
    String encryptionTypeDescription = translateEncryptionType(WiFi.encryptionType(i));
    Serial.println(encryptionTypeDescription);
    Serial.println("-----------------------");
 
  }
}
 
void connectToNetwork() {
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
   while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(1000);
    Serial.println("Establishing connection to WiFi..");
  }
   Serial.println("Connected to network");
 }

void reconnect() {
  while (!client.connected()) {
    if (client.connect(clientID, mqtt_username, mqtt_password)) {
    } else {
      delay(2000);
    }
  }
}
void setup()
{
  {
    Serial.begin(115200);
    scanNetworks();
    connectToNetwork();
    Serial.println(WiFi.macAddress());
    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
    client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);
    pinMode(tiltPin, INPUT);
  }
}
void loop() {
  tiltState = analogRead(tiltPin);
    if (tiltState < 3048) {
      client.publish("radar/state", "0"); //
    } else {
      client.publish("radar/state", "1"); //
    }
     delay(100);
   {
    if (!client.connected()) {
      reconnect();
    }
    client.loop();
  }
}

Lockscreen!

Below shows the speed of detection, and sending though the network

Python script which does a lock-screen using XDOTOOL

from paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_client
import subprocess
import time

broker = 'MQTT-SERVER'
port = 1883
topic = "radar/state"
client_id = "radarclient"

def connect_mqtt() -> mqtt_client:
    def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
        if rc == 0:
            print("Connected to MQTT Broker!")
        else:
            print("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc)

    client = mqtt_client.Client(client_id)
    client.on_connect = on_connect
    client.connect(broker, port)
    return client

def subscribe(client: mqtt_client):
    def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
        state = msg.payload.decode()
        print (state)
        if state == "1":
            subprocess.Popen(["xdotool","key","Super_L+l"])
            time.sleep(30)


    client.subscribe(topic)
    client.on_message = on_message

def run():
    client = connect_mqtt()
    subscribe(client)
    client.loop_forever()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

change
subprocess.Popen([“xdotool”,”key”,”Super_L+l”])
into
subprocess.Popen([“switchdesktop”])
to run a script named switchdesktop

#!/bin/bash
# This is the switchdesktop script, it goes to the next screen using winows-page-down combo
xdotool key "Super_L+Page_Down"

Todo:

3D print a case
Make a version which becomes a Access Point.
Then make another arduino setup which controls my Nikon.
So it can act like a wildcam (offline)

Something like below, using a optocoupler ( i still got some leftovers from my doorbell to gpio-pin project.)

Computer

Composite video with Atmega328p

2022-10-19 fash

I started to get some composite video generated with a arduino for my 6502 project.

UPDATE: 20221021

It is based on Grant Searle’s design, and yesterday I had some signals on my scope which looked like a screen with a character. But my monitor would not recognize a usable signal.

Today I tried a second version and another set of chips and crystals.

It looks like a signal, but I can’t see a clock pulse from the crystal?! So .. how?

Maybe I used a bad power supply. And killed something?

UPDATE: 20221021

After switching to another power supply, and checking the atmega328p fuses again (also wrong) .. at least SOME success!

Still a little sync problem, but i’ve got a blinking cursor!

Some minipro info
#Erase
minipro -p ATMEGA328P@DIP28 -E

#Flash hex code
minipro -p ATMEGA328P@DIP28 -w SBCVideo.hex

#Flash fuses
minipro -p ATMEGA328P@DIP28 -e -c config -w fuses

#Used fuses file
lfuse = 0xf7
hfuse = 0xd9
efuse = 0xfc
lock = 0xff
lfuse = 0xff
hfuse = 0xff
efuse = 0xff
user_id0 = 0xff
user_id1 = 0xff
user_id2 = 0xff
user_id3 = 0xff
user_id4 = 0x37
user_id5 = 0x37
user_id6 = 0x39
user_id7 = 0x36


#Dump all from atmega328p
minipro -p ATMEGA328P@DIP28 -r dump -f ihex

Some info about the fuses:
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/projects/atmega328p-fuse-bits-and-an-external-crystal-oscillator

Computer

6502 update

2022-09-18 fash

New amplifier part using a LM386
Buzzer and led on VIA 2, blinky and sound timed by the internal timers of the 6522
ACIA testing still going on, writing software
Mini matrix keyboard removed, and used the temporary cursor buttons for the test with a rom which allows for a 8bits upload method using a arduino and the 6522. (I’m working on the big keyboard)

Work in progress code

PORT2B = $5000 		; VIA PORTB
PORT2A = $5001 		; VIA PORTA
DDR2B = $5002  		; Data direction register
DDR2A = $5003  		; Data direction register

PORTB = $6000 		; display
PORTA = $6001 		; control display + matrix keyboard
DDRB = $6002  		; data direction register
DDRA = $6003  		; data direction register
SID = $7000   		; sid base address

E  = %10000000		; enable bit
RW = %01000000		; RW bit 
RS = %00100000		; Register Select bit 
HOME = %00000010 	; VIA PORTB HOME command
DADDR = %00010000 	; VIA DADDRESS

LINENO = $0200		; temp address linenumber (move to other location)
NEXTLINE = 40		; 2x16 Chars but internally 40


  .org $8000

reset:
  ldx #$ff
  txs		; reset stack

; ###################################################
; #                 DISPLAY CONTROL                 #
; ###################################################
; VIA Setup

  lda #%11111111 	; Set all pins on port B to output
  sta DDRB
  lda #%11100000 	; Set top 3 pins on port A to output
  sta DDRA

; DISPLAY Setup
  lda #%00111000 	; Set 8-bit mode; 2-line display; 5x8 font
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #%00001110 	; Display on; cursor on; blink off
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #%00000110 	; Increment and shift cursor; don't shift display
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #$00000001 	; Clear display
  jsr lcd_instruction

; ###################################################
; #             PRINT MESSAGE LINE NO 0             #
; ###################################################
  lda #0  		; set line number
  sta LINENO      	; store for subroutine
  jsr gotoline		; move cursor

  ldx #0		; message index pointer
print:
  lda message0,x 	; start of message
  beq nextprint      	; stop when null in message (asciiz <- Zero padded)
  jsr print_char	; print char
  inx			; incr index
  jmp print		; resume print
; ###################################################
; #             PRINT MESSAGE LINE NO 1             #
; ###################################################
nextprint:
  lda #1  		; set line number
  sta LINENO      	; store
  jsr gotoline
  ldx #0  		; index pointer                 
print2:
  lda message1,x  	; absolute address message + x in A
  beq sidsound        	; if x is 0, end of message     
  jsr print_char  	; jump subroutine
  inx             	; increment x
  jmp print2      	; loop print2



; ###################################################
; #             SID SOUND                           #
; ###################################################
sidsound:
  lda #0		
  sta SID+$5		; attack/decay duration
  	
  lda #250
  sta SID+$6		; sustain level/release duration
  	
  lda #$95		; frequency voice 1 low byte
  sta SID+$0
  	
  lda #$44		; frequency voice 1 high byte
  sta SID+$1
  
  lda #%00100001	; sawtooth + gate
  sta SID+$4		; control register voice 1
  
  lda #$0f		; filter mode and volume (bits 3-0 main volume)
  sta SID+$18		; filter mode and volume



; ###################################################
; #             2ND VIA                             #
; ###################################################
  lda #%11111111 	; set port A output
  sta DDR2A

  lda #%11111111	; all ones!
  sta PORT2A
; ###################################################
  lda #%11111111 	; set port A output
  sta DDR2A

  lda #%11111111	; all ones!
  sta PORT2A



; ###################################################
; #             MAIN PROGRAM LOOP                   #
; ###################################################
loop:
  jmp loop
;                   1234567812345678
message0: .asciiz  "VIA 1,2 SID TEST"
message1: .asciiz  "   FASH  2022   "

; ###################################################
; #             ONLY SUBROUTINES                    #
; ###################################################

; ###################################################
; #             Subroutine gotoline                 #
; # Moves character placement position on display   #
; # Needs : $LINENO ADDRESS                         #
; # Exit values : -                                 #
; # Destroys registers: -                           #
; ###################################################

gotoline:
  pha                             ; store a
  txa
  pha                             ; store x
  ldx LINENO
  lda #HOME                       ; cursor down
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #$80
nextline:
  ldx LINENO
  cpx #00
  beq endnextlines
loopline:
  adc #40
  jsr lcd_instruction
  dex
  stx LINENO
  jmp nextline
endnextlines:
  pla                             ; pop a
  tax                             ; a to x
  pla                             ; pop a
  rts




; ###################################################
; #             LCD SUBROUTINES                     #
; ###################################################
lcd_wait:
  pha
  lda #%00000000  ; Port B is input
  sta DDRB
lcdbusy:
  lda #RW
  sta PORTA
  lda #(RW | E)
  sta PORTA
  lda PORTB
  and #%10000000
  bne lcdbusy
  lda #RW
  sta PORTA
  lda #%11111111  ; Port B is output
  sta DDRB
  pla
  rts
lcd_instruction:
  jsr lcd_wait
  sta PORTB
  lda #0         ; Clear RS/RW/E bits
  sta PORTA
  lda #E         ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTA
  lda #0         ; Clear RS/RW/E bits
  sta PORTA
  rts
print_char:
  jsr lcd_wait
  sta PORTB
  lda #RS         ; Set RS; Clear RW/E bits
  sta PORTA
  lda #(RS | E)   ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTA
  lda #RS         ; Clear E bits
  sta PORTA
  rts

nmi:
  rti

irq:
  rti

  .org $fffa
  .word nmi
  .word reset
  .word irq
;  .word $0000

Computer

Generic matrix keyboard

2022-09-13 fash

In this case designed for my 6502, but it is a generic setup.

I it just a dual 16key matrix decoder merged together. You can probably use this with raspberries, arduinos etc.

I wanted to use 74C923 but these are nowhere to be found. And even then, the number of keys wil be 20.
So i am tying together two 74C922 using some logic in a PLD.

It wil be something like above. Using the data availabe signal i can combine both 16key matrixes. (In theory .. it is all untested)

PLD Code

GAL22V10
Address Decoder

PHI2 DA0 DA1 D01 D02 D03 D04 D11 D12 D13 D14 GND
NC D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 DA NC NC NC NC VCC

DA = DA0 + DA1
D0 = D01 & DA0 + D11 & DA1
D1 = D02 & DA0 + D12 & DA1
D2 = D03 & DA0 + D13 & DA1
D3 = D04 & DA0 + D14 & DA1
D4 = DA1 

DESCRIPTION
Key matrix merger

I’ve got my new keys of the keyboard in today!

0-F – hex keys
G = Go
R = Reset
S = Step
M = Memory
Cursor keys (up/down for memory locations)
??? I’ve got room for 8 more keys

My inkscape template (keys are 10/10mm)

Printed on white and red paper

https://media.henriaanstoot.nl/keyboardmatrix.svg

Computer

6502 progress

2022-08-11 fash

UPDATE: 20220815, 20220814, 20220815, 20230202

Flashing ROMs .. (eeproms). It used to be a pain in the *$$.
Burning took a looong time. But clearing one with UV took .. 20 minutes or so. Using one of these:

Altered clock module

Changed button press
Dipswitches for more speed control (red .. upper left)

Changed Rom/Ram

Changed addressing
Added RAM
ZIF Socket for ROM

VIC 6522

Fixed clock
Added buttons for interrupt

Display

Display works now
To test: Create Address logic to access display without VIA
Can work, but not at high speed clock. Stays behind VIA
To buy: st7920 lcd 128×64

Generic improvements

Rewired most parts, using color codes
(Blue data, Yellow Address and so on)
Added leds on data and address bus using ULN2803 darlington arrays
100nF Decoupling capacitors on the power rails

To do’s or ‘have to look into’s’

For sound i planned to use a General Instrument AY-3-8910, it is somewhere in my Lab, i know it is.
I saved this chip and a SID for my Amiga addon soundcard.
Where are my plans for the simple v1 setup? (FOUND IT)

I have to start writing rom functions for display usage. Like
JSR $ff00 – Clear screen subroutine .. etc
I’m scraping information from websites, to get started on my clock controller.
ATmega328 with ssd1306 display and rotary encoder/dip switches

Notes about the movie:
Left side is Arduino IDE monitor reading Addressbus and Databus.
(I’m going to try to rewrite this to realtime disassemble)
Resetting system.
Stepping CPU with manual clock pulses.
Start vector being read at $FFFC/$FFFD.
Program being run from $8000.
Set clock on automatic ( ~ about 150 Hz )
Last opcodes you see a JMP loop 4C 2F 80, that is JMP $802F
Display enlarged on video, was not visible on movie i took on mobile.
(Wrong angle?)

Breadboard overview

Clock module	Reset module + Crystal
CPU + nmi/int buttons	RAM and ROM
Address decode + Bus divide	Addres/Data bus leds
6522 VIA + Display	2nd via + Buttons
?	(sound board)

TIL: 6502 can run without ram only rom,expect when using JSR … which uses a program stack in RAM

TODO:

Make Clock module and 1Mhz Crystal switchable
NMI and INT debounce maken
Software buttons
Buy new darlingtons, for controlbus!
- r/w, int, chip enables, etc
Labels on chips/breadboards

Computer

Altair 8800

2022-08-08 fash

After a whole day soldering yesterday, ending up with a wire mess.
Which didn’t work at the end…

Starting measuring some things, and create some test sketches (led blinky tests)
I found out that the main problem was not having the red switches connected to GND.
Blue switches where upside down, this was a easy fix. Because these are ON-ON switches, and where already connected to a common line.
Then a mixup between D0 and D6 (wires crossed)
And it is working! Made some lines and lettering on the frontplate after some playing around.

Weird to input stuff in octal (group of 3 bits)

Computer

Altair 8800

2022-08-03 fash

The Altair 8800 is a microcomputer designed in 1974 by MITS and based on the Intel 8080 CPU. Interest grew quickly after it was featured on the cover of the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics and was sold by mail order through advertisements there, in Radio-Electronics, and in other hobbyist magazines.

UPDATE: 20220804 – Added Octal sheet

I alway loved the simple setup of this computer.
There was no screen and no keyboard.
Only later additions to the machine provided these.

One explanation of the Altair name, is that the name was inspired by Star Trek episode “Amok Time“, where the Enterprise crew went to Altair (Six).

There are only a few differences between the used 8080 CPU and the 8085 CPU of a machine i learned machinecode on.

See : https://www.henriaanstoot.nl/1989/01/01/8085-machinecode-at-school/

So for a really long time i wanted to have a Altair alike machine. There are do it yourself kits for sale. Which look like perfect relica’s and there are virtual machines and emulators. But i wanted to have the feeling of throwing the switches.
You can find a emulator here (https://s2js.com/altair/)

So i bought the components, a poker case which can hold the machine. And started building today.

The backend is a arduino based emulator, but with real leds and switches!
(https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/david-hansel/arduino-altair-8800-simulator-3594a6)

Next to do:

Fix plate into case
Solder a LOT of wires and components!
- Shall i get rid off the transitors and use darlington arrays?
Put lettering on the aluminium plate : Functions and Bus information.
Build a power connector in the case

And then … programming 🙂

UPDATE: 20220804 – Added Octal sheet

The Altair is a octal based machine, but i couldn’t find a opcode list in Octal. So i generated one.
When entering a MOV D,M instruction for example, you have to enter
x 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 using the switches
Thats 126 in octal but most tables are in hex ( MOV D,M is 56, which is 0101 0110 but not that clear on the switches)

Opcode (oct)	Instruction	function	size	flags	Opcode
000	NOP		1		0x00
001	LXI B,D16	B <- byte 3, C <- byte 2	3		0x01
002	STAX B	(BC) <- A	1		0x02
003	INX B	BC <- BC+1	1		0x03
004	INR B	B <- B+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x04
005	DCR B	B <- B-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x05
006	MVI B, D8	B <- byte 2	2		0x06
007	RLC	A = A << 1; bit 0 = prev bit 7; CY = prev bit 7	1	CY	0x07
010	–				0x08
011	DAD B	HL = HL + BC	1	CY	0x09
012	LDAX B	A <- (BC)	1		0x0a
013	DCX B	BC = BC-1	1		0x0b
014	INR C	C <- C+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x0c
015	DCR C	C <-C-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x0d
016	MVI C,D8	C <- byte 2	2		0x0e
017	RRC	A = A >> 1; bit 7 = prev bit 0; CY = prev bit 0	1	CY	0x0f
020	–				0x10
021	LXI D,D16	D <- byte 3, E <- byte 2	3		0x11
022	STAX D	(DE) <- A	1		0x12
023	INX D	DE <- DE + 1	1		0x13
024	INR D	D <- D+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x14
025	DCR D	D <- D-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x15
026	MVI D, D8	D <- byte 2	2		0x16
027	RAL	A = A << 1; bit 0 = prev CY; CY = prev bit 7	1	CY	0x17
030	–				0x18
031	DAD D	HL = HL + DE	1	CY	0x19
032	LDAX D	A <- (DE)	1		0x1a
033	DCX D	DE = DE-1	1		0x1b
034	INR E	E <-E+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x1c
035	DCR E	E <- E-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x1d
036	MVI E,D8	E <- byte 2	2		0x1e
037	RAR	A = A >> 1; bit 7 = prev bit 7; CY = prev bit 0	1	CY	0x1f
040	–				0x20
041	LXI H,D16	H <- byte 3, L <- byte 2	3		0x21
042	SHLD adr	(adr) <-L; (adr+1)<-H	3		0x22
043	INX H	HL <- HL + 1	1		0x23
044	INR H	H <- H+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x24
045	DCR H	H <- H-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x25
046	MVI H,D8	H <- byte 2	2		0x26
047	DAA	special	1		0x27
050	–				0x28
051	DAD H	HL = HL + HI	1	CY	0x29
052	LHLD adr	L <- (adr); H<-(adr+1)	3		0x2a
053	DCX H	HL = HL-1	1		0x2b
054	INR L	L <- L+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x2c
055	DCR L	L <- L-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x2d
056	MVI L, D8	L <- byte 2	2		0x2e
057	CMA	A <- !A	1		0x2f
060	–				0x30
061	LXI SP, D16	SP.hi <- byte 3, SP.lo <- byte 2	3		0x31
062	STA adr	(adr) <- A	3		0x32
063	INX SP	SP = SP + 1	1		0x33
064	INR M	(HL) <- (HL)+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x34
065	DCR M	(HL) <- (HL)-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x35
066	MVI M,D8	(HL) <- byte 2	2		0x36
067	STC	CY = 1	1	CY	0x37
070	–				0x38
071	DAD SP	HL = HL + SP	1	CY	0x39
072	LDA adr	A <- (adr)	3		0x3a
073	DCX SP	SP = SP-1	1		0x3b
074	INR A	A <- A+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x3c
075	DCR A	A <- A-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x3d
076	MVI A,D8	A <- byte 2	2		0x3e
077	CMC	CY=!CY	1	CY	0x3f
100	MOV B,B	B <- B	1		0x40
101	MOV B,C	B <- C	1		0x41
102	MOV B,D	B <- D	1		0x42
103	MOV B,E	B <- E	1		0x43
104	MOV B,H	B <- H	1		0x44
105	MOV B,L	B <- L	1		0x45
106	MOV B,M	B <- (HL)	1		0x46
107	MOV B,A	B <- A	1		0x47
110	MOV C,B	C <- B	1		0x48
111	MOV C,C	C <- C	1		0x49
112	MOV C,D	C <- D	1		0x4a
113	MOV C,E	C <- E	1		0x4b
114	MOV C,H	C <- H	1		0x4c
115	MOV C,L	C <- L	1		0x4d
116	MOV C,M	C <- (HL)	1		0x4e
117	MOV C,A	C <- A	1		0x4f
120	MOV D,B	D <- B	1		0x50
121	MOV D,C	D <- C	1		0x51
122	MOV D,D	D <- D	1		0x52
123	MOV D,E	D <- E	1		0x53
124	MOV D,H	D <- H	1		0x54
125	MOV D,L	D <- L	1		0x55
126	MOV D,M	D <- (HL)	1		0x56
127	MOV D,A	D <- A	1		0x57
130	MOV E,B	E <- B	1		0x58
131	MOV E,C	E <- C	1		0x59
132	MOV E,D	E <- D	1		0x5a
133	MOV E,E	E <- E	1		0x5b
134	MOV E,H	E <- H	1		0x5c
135	MOV E,L	E <- L	1		0x5d
136	MOV E,M	E <- (HL)	1		0x5e
137	MOV E,A	E <- A	1		0x5f
140	MOV H,B	H <- B	1		0x60
141	MOV H,C	H <- C	1		0x61
142	MOV H,D	H <- D	1		0x62
143	MOV H,E	H <- E	1		0x63
144	MOV H,H	H <- H	1		0x64
145	MOV H,L	H <- L	1		0x65
146	MOV H,M	H <- (HL)	1		0x66
147	MOV H,A	H <- A	1		0x67
150	MOV L,B	L <- B	1		0x68
151	MOV L,C	L <- C	1		0x69
152	MOV L,D	L <- D	1		0x6a
153	MOV L,E	L <- E	1		0x6b
154	MOV L,H	L <- H	1		0x6c
155	MOV L,L	L <- L	1		0x6d
156	MOV L,M	L <- (HL)	1		0x6e
157	MOV L,A	L <- A	1		0x6f
160	MOV M,B	(HL) <- B	1		0x70
161	MOV M,C	(HL) <- C	1		0x71
162	MOV M,D	(HL) <- D	1		0x72
163	MOV M,E	(HL) <- E	1		0x73
164	MOV M,H	(HL) <- H	1		0x74
165	MOV M,L	(HL) <- L	1		0x75
166	HLT	special	1		0x76
167	MOV M,A	(HL) <- A	1		0x77
170	MOV A,B	A <- B	1		0x78
171	MOV A,C	A <- C	1		0x79
172	MOV A,D	A <- D	1		0x7a
173	MOV A,E	A <- E	1		0x7b
174	MOV A,H	A <- H	1		0x7c
175	MOV A,L	A <- L	1		0x7d
176	MOV A,M	A <- (HL)	1		0x7e
177	MOV A,A	A <- A	1		0x7f
200	ADD B	A <- A + B	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x80
201	ADD C	A <- A + C	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x81
202	ADD D	A <- A + D	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x82
203	ADD E	A <- A + E	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x83
204	ADD H	A <- A + H	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x84
205	ADD L	A <- A + L	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x85
206	ADD M	A <- A + (HL)	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x86
207	ADD A	A <- A + A	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x87
210	ADC B	A <- A + B + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x88
211	ADC C	A <- A + C + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x89
212	ADC D	A <- A + D + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x8a
213	ADC E	A <- A + E + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x8b
214	ADC H	A <- A + H + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x8c
215	ADC L	A <- A + L + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x8d
216	ADC M	A <- A + (HL) + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x8e
217	ADC A	A <- A + A + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x8f
220	SUB B	A <- A – B	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x90
221	SUB C	A <- A – C	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x91
222	SUB D	A <- A + D	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x92
223	SUB E	A <- A – E	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x93
224	SUB H	A <- A + H	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x94
225	SUB L	A <- A – L	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x95
226	SUB M	A <- A + (HL)	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x96
227	SUB A	A <- A – A	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x97
230	SBB B	A <- A – B – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x98
231	SBB C	A <- A – C – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x99
232	SBB D	A <- A – D – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x9a
233	SBB E	A <- A – E – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x9b
234	SBB H	A <- A – H – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x9c
235	SBB L	A <- A – L – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x9d
236	SBB M	A <- A – (HL) – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x9e
237	SBB A	A <- A – A – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x9f
240	ANA B	A <- A & B	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa0
241	ANA C	A <- A & C	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa1
242	ANA D	A <- A & D	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa2
243	ANA E	A <- A & E	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa3
244	ANA H	A <- A & H	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa4
245	ANA L	A <- A & L	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa5
246	ANA M	A <- A & (HL)	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa6
247	ANA A	A <- A & A	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa7
250	XRA B	A <- A ^ B	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa8
251	XRA C	A <- A ^ C	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa9
252	XRA D	A <- A ^ D	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xaa
253	XRA E	A <- A ^ E	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xab
254	XRA H	A <- A ^ H	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xac
255	XRA L	A <- A ^ L	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xad
256	XRA M	A <- A ^ (HL)	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xae
257	XRA A	A <- A ^ A	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xaf
260	ORA B	A <- A \| B	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb0
261	ORA C	A <- A \| C	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb1
262	ORA D	A <- A \| D	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb2
263	ORA E	A <- A \| E	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb3
264	ORA H	A <- A \| H	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb4
265	ORA L	A <- A \| L	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb5
266	ORA M	A <- A \| (HL)	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb6
267	ORA A	A <- A \| A	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb7
270	CMP B	A – B	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb8
271	CMP C	A – C	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb9
272	CMP D	A – D	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xba
273	CMP E	A – E	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xbb
274	CMP H	A – H	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xbc
275	CMP L	A – L	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xbd
276	CMP M	A – (HL)	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xbe
277	CMP A	A – A	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xbf
300	RNZ	if NZ, RET	1		0xc0
301	POP B	C <- (sp); B <- (sp+1); sp <- sp+2	1		0xc1
302	JNZ adr	if NZ, PC <- adr	3		0xc2
303	JMP adr	PC <= adr	3		0xc3
304	CNZ adr	if NZ, CALL adr	3		0xc4
305	PUSH B	(sp-2)<-C; (sp-1)<-B; sp <- sp – 2	1		0xc5
306	ADI D8	A <- A + byte	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xc6
307	RST 0	CALL $0	1		0xc7
310	RZ	if Z, RET	1		0xc8
311	RET	PC.lo <- (sp); PC.hi<-(sp+1); SP <- SP+2	1		0xc9
312	JZ adr	if Z, PC <- adr	3		0xca
313	–				0xcb
314	CZ adr	if Z, CALL adr	3		0xcc
315	CALL adr	(SP-1)<-PC.hi;(SP-2)<-PC.lo;SP<-SP-2;PC=adr	3		0xcd
316	ACI D8	A <- A + data + CY	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xce
317	RST 1	CALL $8	1		0xcf
320	RNC	if NCY, RET	1		0xd0
321	POP D	E <- (sp); D <- (sp+1); sp <- sp+2	1		0xd1
322	JNC adr	if NCY, PC<-adr	3		0xd2
323	OUT D8	special	2		0xd3
324	CNC adr	if NCY, CALL adr	3		0xd4
325	PUSH D	(sp-2)<-E; (sp-1)<-D; sp <- sp – 2	1		0xd5
326	SUI D8	A <- A – data	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xd6
327	RST 2	CALL $10	1		0xd7
330	RC	if CY, RET	1		0xd8
331	–				0xd9
332	JC adr	if CY, PC<-adr	3		0xda
333	IN D8	special	2		0xdb
334	CC adr	if CY, CALL adr	3		0xdc
335	–				0xdd
336	SBI D8	A <- A – data – CY	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xde
337	RST 3	CALL $18	1		0xdf
340	RPO	if PO, RET	1		0xe0
341	POP H	L <- (sp); H <- (sp+1); sp <- sp+2	1		0xe1
342	JPO adr	if PO, PC <- adr	3		0xe2
343	XTHL	L <-> (SP); H <-> (SP+1)	1		0xe3
344	CPO adr	if PO, CALL adr	3		0xe4
345	PUSH H	(sp-2)<-L; (sp-1)<-H; sp <- sp – 2	1		0xe5
346	ANI D8	A <- A & data	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xe6
347	RST 4	CALL $20	1		0xe7
350	RPE	if PE, RET	1		0xe8
351	PCHL	PC.hi <- H; PC.lo <- L	1		0xe9
352	JPE adr	if PE, PC <- adr	3		0xea
353	XCHG	H <-> D; L <-> E	1		0xeb
354	CPE adr	if PE, CALL adr	3		0xec
355	–				0xed
356	XRI D8	A <- A ^ data	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xee
357	RST 5	CALL $28	1		0xef
360	RP	if P, RET	1		0xf0
361	POP PSW	flags <- (sp); A <- (sp+1); sp <- sp+2	1		0xf1
362	JP adr	if P=1 PC <- adr	3		0xf2
363	DI	special	1		0xf3
364	CP adr	if P, PC <- adr	3		0xf4
365	PUSH PSW	(sp-2)<-flags; (sp-1)<-A; sp <- sp – 2	1		0xf5
366	ORI D8	A <- A \| data	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xf6
367	RST 6	CALL $30	1		0xf7
370	RM	if M, RET	1		0xf8
371	SPHL	SP=HL	1		0xf9
372	JM adr	if M, PC <- adr	3		0xfa
373	EI	special	1		0xfb
374	CM adr	if M, CALL adr	3		0xfc
375	–				0xfd
376	CPI D8	A – data	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xfe
377	RST 7	CALL $38	1		0xff

IOT / Domoticz, Music

i2c and cap1188 Musical instrument (from vga to esp32?)

2022-08-01 fash

Way back in 2018 i was playing around with i2c and touch.

I remembered that VGA was using i2c to get information from monitors like brand/type and connection information.

I managed to access the cap1188 up to my Laptop via VGA.

The final python code i used to play with the variables and playing sound i can’t find.
But below is the test code

#!/usr/bin/python

# NOTE: i did a address scan, now i have 3v3 connected to AD, so probably the address is 0x28 !!

import smbus

bus = smbus.SMBus(1)    # 0 = /dev/i2c-0 (port I2C0), 1 = /dev/i2c-1 (port I2C1)

DEVICE_ADDRESS = 0x29      
DEVICEx = 0x10      
DEVICE_REG_MODE1 = 0x00
DEVICE_REG_LEDOUT0 = 0x1d

#Write a single register
bus.write_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDRESS, 0x1f, 0x3F)

#Write an array of registers
#ledout_values = [0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff]
#bus.write_i2c_block_data(DEVICE_ADDRESS, DEVICE_REG_LEDOUT0, ledout_values)
while True:

        print bus.read_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDRESS,0x10), bus.read_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDRESS,0x11) , bus.read_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDRESS,0x12), bus.read_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDRESS,0x13), bus.read_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDRESS,0x14), bus.read_byte_dat
a(DEVICE_ADDRESS,0x15), bus.read_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDRESS,0x16), bus.read_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDRESS,0x17)

Today i connected the cap1188 to a ESP32 and a piezo buzzer.

/*** Based on below library ***/
/*** Changed pins and added sound ***/

/*************************************************** 
  This is a library for the CAP1188 I2C/SPI 8-chan Capacitive Sensor

  Designed specifically to work with the CAP1188 sensor from Adafruit
  ----> https://www.adafruit.com/products/1602

  These sensors use I2C/SPI to communicate, 2+ pins are required to  
  interface
  Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code, 
  please support Adafruit and open-source hardware by purchasing 
  products from Adafruit!

  Written by Limor Fried/Ladyada for Adafruit Industries.  
  BSD license, all text above must be included in any redistribution
 ****************************************************/
 
#include <Wire.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <Adafruit_CAP1188.h>

const int TONE_OUTPUT_PIN = 26;
const int TONE_PWM_CHANNEL = 0; 
int freq = 0;


// Reset Pin is used for I2C or SPI
#define CAP1188_RESET  9

// CS pin is used for software or hardware SPI
#define CAP1188_CS  10

// These are defined for software SPI, for hardware SPI, check your 
// board's SPI pins in the Arduino documentation
#define CAP1188_MOSI  11
#define CAP1188_MISO  12
#define CAP1188_CLK  13

// For I2C, connect SDA to your Arduino's SDA pin, SCL to SCL pin
// On UNO/Duemilanove/etc, SDA == Analog 4, SCL == Analog 5
// On Leonardo/Micro, SDA == Digital 2, SCL == Digital 3
// On Mega/ADK/Due, SDA == Digital 20, SCL == Digital 21

// Use I2C, no reset pin!
Adafruit_CAP1188 cap = Adafruit_CAP1188();

// Or...Use I2C, with reset pin
//Adafruit_CAP1188 cap = Adafruit_CAP1188(CAP1188_RESET);

// Or... Hardware SPI, CS pin & reset pin 
// Adafruit_CAP1188 cap = Adafruit_CAP1188(CAP1188_CS, CAP1188_RESET);

// Or.. Software SPI: clock, miso, mosi, cs, reset
//Adafruit_CAP1188 cap = Adafruit_CAP1188(CAP1188_CLK, CAP1188_MISO, CAP1188_MOSI, CAP1188_CS, CAP1188_RESET);

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial.println("CAP1188 test!");
  ledcAttachPin(TONE_OUTPUT_PIN, TONE_PWM_CHANNEL);
 

  // Initialize the sensor, if using i2c you can pass in the i2c address
  if (!cap.begin(0x28)){
  //if (!cap.begin()) {
    Serial.println("CAP1188 not found");
    while (1);
  }
  Serial.println("CAP1188 found!");
}

void loop() {
  uint8_t touched = cap.touched();

  if (touched == 0) {
    // No touch detected
    return;
  }
  
  for (uint8_t i=0; i<8; i++) {
    if (touched & (1 << i)) {
      Serial.print(touched); Serial.print("\t");
      freq = (i * 100);
      ledcWriteTone(TONE_PWM_CHANNEL, freq);
      delay(100);
    }
  }

  Serial.println();
  delay(50);
}

Finding the right pins or above pinout was the hardest part.
The sketch reads the pins binary so value 129 is first and last bit.

Now i have to get the sound sounding a little better and add frequencies and fingersettings to the sketch to get a minimal electronic bagpipe. (V3 it is .. )

To be continued ..

Computer, IOT / Domoticz

Micropython and TFT display test environment

2022-07-29 fash

This exercise is to get a micropython dev environment with a graphical display.

pip3 install esptool adafruit-ampy

Erase board (use correct tty device!)

esptool.py --chip esp32 --port /dev/ttyUSB0 erase_flash

Flash using

esptool.py --chip esp32 --port /dev/ttyUSB0 --baud 460800 write_flash -z 0x1000 esp32-20190125-v1.10.bin

Download from https://micropython.org/resources/firmware/esp32-20220618-v1.19.1.bin

Test with

screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200

Enter
import machine
or
help()

Now we have to install a boot loader
Use ampy to list files

#list boot
ampy -p /dev/ttyUSB0 ls 
/boot.py

#get boot.py
ampy -p /dev/ttyUSB0 get boot.py

vi boot.py (create new)

#import esp
#esp.osdebug(None)
#import webrepl
#webrepl.start()

def connect():
    import network
    sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
    if not sta_if.isconnected():
        print('connecting to network...')
        sta_if.active(True)
        sta_if.connect('WIFISSID', 'WIFIPASS')
        while not sta_if.isconnected():
            pass
    print('network config:', sta_if.ifconfig())

Push the file

ampy -p /dev/ttyUSB0 put boot.py

Usage: ampy [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...

  ampy - Adafruit MicroPython Tool

  Ampy is a tool to control MicroPython boards over a serial connection.
  Using ampy you can manipulate files on the board's internal filesystem and
  even run scripts.

Options:
  -p, --port PORT    Name of serial port for connected board.  Can optionally
                     specify with AMPY_PORT environment variable.  [required]
  -b, --baud BAUD    Baud rate for the serial connection (default 115200).
                     Can optionally specify with AMPY_BAUD environment
                     variable.
  -d, --delay DELAY  Delay in seconds before entering RAW MODE (default 0).
                     Can optionally specify with AMPY_DELAY environment
                     variable.
  --version          Show the version and exit.
  --help             Show this message and exit.

Commands:
  get    Retrieve a file from the board.
  ls     List contents of a directory on the board.
  mkdir  Create a directory on the board.
  put    Put a file or folder and its contents on the board.
  reset  Perform soft reset/reboot of the board.
  rm     Remove a file from the board.
  rmdir  Forcefully remove a folder and all its children from the board.
  run    Run a script and print its output.

Connect to serial console using screen

sudo screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
(use CTRL-A \ to exit)

Connect to wifi

import boot
connect()

Led blinky test, with below file named ledtest.py

import time
from machine import Pin
led=Pin(2,Pin.OUT)        #Internal led pin

while True:
  led.value(1)            #Set led turn on
  time.sleep(0.5)
  led.value(0)            #Set led turn off
  time.sleep(0.5)

Upload and run script

ampy -p /dev/ttyUSB0 put ledtest.py
import ledtest (without .py!)

Next todo: boot.py @boot ?!?
Run custom python after booting.
Connect display and play with drawing.

Tip: Install rshell !

sudo pip3 install rshell
fash@zspot:~$ rshell 
Welcome to rshell. Use Control-D (or the exit command) to exit rshell.

No MicroPython boards connected - use the connect command to add one

/home/fash> autoconnect: /dev/ttyUSB0 action: add

/home/fash> ?

Documented commands (type help <topic>):
========================================
args    cat  connect  date  edit  filesize  help  mkdir  rm     shell
boards  cd   cp       echo  exit  filetype  ls    repl   rsync

Use Control-D (or the exit command) to exit rshell.

Connecting the display

I’ve connected the display as above. Note the different connections on the display. Above fritzing part has connections for touch screen!
The 4 or 5 pins on the other side are for sdcard functionallity.

display       esp
-----------------
SDO/MISO      D19
LED           VIN (5v)
SCK           D18
SDI/MOSI      D23
DC/RS         D15
RESET         D14
CS            D5
GND           GND
VCC           3.3V

Not my different ESP, gpio has high numbers and only 30 pins.
Most ESP have 2 SPI controllers. Check yours!

Software part

git clone https://github.com/rdagger/micropython-ili9341

Next create a setupmydisplay.py file, and edit your pin connections

from ili9341 import Display
from machine import Pin, SPI

TFT_CLK_PIN = const(18)
TFT_MOSI_PIN = const(23)
TFT_MISO_PIN = const(19)

TFT_CS_PIN = const(5)
TFT_RST_PIN = const(14)
TFT_DC_PIN = const(15)

def createMyDisplay():
    #spi = SPI(0, baudrate=40000000, sck=Pin(TFT_CLK_PIN), mosi=Pin(TFT_MOSI_PIN))
    spiTFT = SPI(2, baudrate=51200000,
                 sck=Pin(TFT_CLK_PIN), mosi=Pin(TFT_MOSI_PIN))
    display = Display(spiTFT,
                      dc=Pin(TFT_DC_PIN), cs=Pin(TFT_CS_PIN), rst=Pin(TFT_RST_PIN))
    return display

Now you can use the library by editing a example like demo_bouncing_boxes.py

Add and change

# At the beginning of the file
import setupmydisplay.py

Futher down comment two lines and add your own setup

        # Baud rate of 40000000 seems about the max
        #spi = SPI(1, baudrate=40000000, sck=Pin(14), mosi=Pin(13))
        #display = Display(spi, dc=Pin(4), cs=Pin(16), rst=Pin(17))
        display = setup.createMyDisplay()

Upload to ESP32 and testing!

ampy -p /dev/ttyUSB0 put demo_bouncing_boxes.py
ampy -p /dev/ttyUSB0 put setupmydisplay.py
# connect and start
sudo screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
import demo_bouncing_boxes.py

Prutser ..

Tag Archives: arduino

Arduino Concertina

Radar module RCWL-0516 with MQTT

Composite video with Atmega328p

6502 update

Generic matrix keyboard

6502 progress

Altair 8800

Altair 8800

i2c and cap1188 Musical instrument (from vga to esp32?)

Micropython and TFT display test environment

"If something is worth doing, it's worth overdoing."