Memory map generator

2022-08-14 fash

Last Updated or created 2022-08-15

Started to write a program to generate a memory map like this

It will be a python script which generates a ascii table.

| a15 | a14 | a13 | a12 | a11 | a10 | a09 | a08 | a07 | a06 | a05 | a04 | a03 | a02 | a01 | a00 |
|  1  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  | ROM
|  0  |  0  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  | RAM
|  0  |  1  |  1  |  x  |  x  |  x  |  x  |  x  |  x  |  x  |  x  |  x  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  | VIA
|  0  |  0  |  0  |  0  |  0  |  0  |  0  |  1  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  |  a  | PS

Above example shows:

Rom – $8000 and up
Ram – $0000 till $3FFF
Via chip – $6xxx-$7xxxx 16 addresses repeating in this block.
This will be the interesting/hard part
Program stack – in RAM – $0100-$01FF

Generated output

| 0000 | ram |     |     |      |      |
| 00ff | ram |     |     |      |      |
| 0100 | ram |     | ps  |      |      |
| 01ff | ram |     | ps  |      |      |
| 0200 | ram |     |     |      |      |
| 3fff | ram |     |     |      |      |
| 4000 |     |     |     |      |      |
| 5fff |     |     |     |      |      |
| 6000 |     |     |     | via1 |      |
| 6fff |     |     |     | via1 |      |
| 7000 |     |     |     |      | via2 |
| 7fff |     |     |     |      | via2 |
| 8000 |     | rom |     |      |      |
| ffff |     | rom |     |      |      |

#!/bin/python

# 0 = address should be 0 .. Duh
# 1 = address should be 1 .. Duh
# a = address 0 or 1
# x = not connected, future function

# try
#via1 = ["0","1","1","0","x","x","x","x","x","x","0","x","a","a","a","a"]

rom = ["1","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a"]
ram = ["0","0","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a"]
via1 = ["0","1","1","0","x","x","x","x","x","x","x","x","a","a","a","a"]
via2 = ["0","1","1","1","x","x","x","x","x","x","x","x","a","a","a","a"]
ps  = ["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","a","a","a","a","a","a","a","a"]

counter = 0
prevhexw = f"{0:04x}"

prevram = "nix"
prevrom = "nix"
prevps = "nix"
prevvia1 = "nix"
prevvia2 = "nix"

while counter < 65536:
    binw = f"{counter:016b}"
    hexw = f"{counter:04x}"
    binint = bin(int(counter))
    address=0

    ramcheck=0    
    romcheck=0    
    pscheck=0
    via1check=0
    via2check=0

    printram = "   "
    printrom = "   "
    printps = "   "
    printvia1 = "    "
    printvia2 = "    "
    myram=ram.copy()
    myrom=rom.copy()
    myps=ps.copy()
    myvia1=via1.copy()
    myvia2=via2.copy()
    while address < 16:

        if myram[address] == "a":
            myram[address]=binw[address]
        if myram[address] == "x":
            myram[address]=binw[address]
        if myram[address] != binw[address]:
            ramcheck=1

        if myrom[address] == "a":
            myrom[address]=binw[address]
        if myrom[address] == "x":
            myrom[address]=binw[address]
        if myrom[address] != binw[address]:
            romcheck=1

        if myps[address] == "a":
            myps[address]=binw[address]
        if myps[address] == "x":
            myps[address]=binw[address]
        if myps[address] != binw[address]:
            pscheck=1

        if myvia1[address] == "a":
            myvia1[address]=binw[address]
        if myvia1[address] == "x":
            myvia1[address]=binw[address]
        if myvia1[address] != binw[address]:
            via1check=1

        if myvia2[address] == "a":
            myvia2[address]=binw[address]
        if myvia2[address] == "x":
            myvia2[address]=binw[address]
        if myvia2[address] != binw[address]:
            via2check=1


        address=address+1

    if ramcheck==0:
        printram="ram"
    if romcheck==0:
        printrom="rom"
    if pscheck==0:
        printps="ps "
    if via1check==0:
        printvia1="via1"
    if via2check==0:
        printvia2="via2"


    if prevram != printram or prevrom != printrom or prevps != printps or prevvia1 != printvia1 or prevvia2 != printvia2:
        printlinep = f"| {prevhexw} | {prevram} | {prevrom} | {prevps} | {prevvia1} | {prevvia2} |"
        printline = f"| {hexw} | {printram} | {printrom} | {printps} | {printvia1} | {printvia2} |"
        if prevram != "nix":
            print(printlinep)
        print(printline)
    prevram=printram
    prevrom=printrom
    prevps=printps
    prevvia1=printvia1
    prevvia2=printvia2
    prevhexw=hexw
    counter=counter+1;
printline = f"| {hexw} | {printram} | {printrom} | {printps} | {printvia1} | {printvia2} |"
print(printline)

Computer

Scavenging parts and schematics

2022-08-14 fash

Last Updated or created 2022-09-20

Searching for parts .. from other projects

I want to make a new clock module using a bare ATmega328 running on a 16mhz crystal. This to provide a clock for my 6502 computer.

Using a display and a rotary encoder I want to create a clock module which generates a 50/50 duty cycle clock 1Hz – 1 MHz.

Input module for my 6502 will be 5 buttons. (For now) that’s what’s left on the VIA on port A. (Rest is used by the display). The display i’m going to place directly on the bus. But I already ordered a second VIA. Matrix keyboard will be next. Then I will use the buttons in the picture for shift/alternate buttons. Because I’ll need about 25 keys. (See other posts) . I’ll probably end up making that one myself.

I found examples like this, rest i have to think of myself

Computer

Badge picture plus sound in micropython

2022-08-14 fash

Last Updated or created 2022-08-14

python mch2022-tools/webusb_fat_dir.py /flash/apps/python/easy
for f in easy.mp3 easy.png icon.png __init__.py ; do python  mch2022-tools/webusb_fat_push.py $f /flash/apps/python/easy/$f ; done

Micropython code __init__.py

mport display
import mch22
from audio import play
import buttons
from time import sleep
from machine import Pin
from neopixel import NeoPixel

powerPin = Pin(19, Pin.OUT)
dataPin = Pin(5, Pin.OUT)
np = NeoPixel(dataPin, 5)
powerPin.on()


def on_home_btn(pressed):
  if pressed:
    mch22.exit_python()


display.drawPng(0,0,"/apps/python/easy/easy.png")
display.flush()



# Led setup
#   2   3    
#      1
#     0     4

np[0] = (23,5,15)
np[1] = (3,15,22)
np[2] = (25,24,1)
np[3] = (25,24,1)
np[4] = (23,4,15)
np.write()


buttons.attach(buttons.BTN_HOME, on_home_btn)
# playing with volume 0 to wakeup sound device, else it is going to clip
play('/apps/python/easy/easy.mp3', volume=0)
sleep(7)
while True:
    play('/apps/python/easy/easy.mp3', volume=100)
    sleep(30)

Computer

Wire wrap

2022-08-12 fash

Last Updated or created 2022-08-12

The lost ancient art of wire wrapping.

{funny story]
In 2019 i wanted to make a simple probe, which could detect 0 or 1 or a pulse. I wanted to make this on a little print using wirewrap wires and IC sockets. (I still have the tool which i used in the 90s.)
When going to a well-known electronics shop in Den Hague. A great shop to get all kinds of oldskool electronics. But i’m getting ahead of the story.
This shop has a lot of components for all kinds of electronics. New and what it looked like de-soldered component from boards or bought from old going-out-of-business shops or factories. Stuff you needed for 60s equipment.
Well i was at the counter, asking a old guy.
“Do you have wire-wrap wire”
He said: ” No that’s old skool” ….
{/funny story]

The wirewrap tool has a cable stripper. After stripping you would put a short part in the tool, place the tool over a IC pin and turning would wrap the wire on the pins.
You could stack multiple connections on one pin.
Removing could be done by turning the tool counterclockwise.
Sometimes you had to remove the one closest to the print, replacing all wires. (Or cut the wrong/not needed wire and leave it in place … )

I’m thinking of moving my breadboard 6502 to a wirewrapped version.
All my old boards are gone .. before i got a digital camera .. 🙁

Example from a 8031 setup of a friend of mine

Computer

6502 progress

2022-08-11 fash

Last Updated or created 2023-02-02

UPDATE: 20220815, 20220814, 20220815, 20230202

Flashing ROMs .. (eeproms). It used to be a pain in the *$$.
Burning took a looong time. But clearing one with UV took .. 20 minutes or so. Using one of these:

Altered clock module

Changed button press
Dipswitches for more speed control (red .. upper left)

Changed Rom/Ram

Changed addressing
Added RAM
ZIF Socket for ROM

VIC 6522

Fixed clock
Added buttons for interrupt

Display

Display works now
To test: Create Address logic to access display without VIA
Can work, but not at high speed clock. Stays behind VIA
To buy: st7920 lcd 128×64

Generic improvements

Rewired most parts, using color codes
(Blue data, Yellow Address and so on)
Added leds on data and address bus using ULN2803 darlington arrays
100nF Decoupling capacitors on the power rails

To do’s or ‘have to look into’s’

For sound i planned to use a General Instrument AY-3-8910, it is somewhere in my Lab, i know it is.
I saved this chip and a SID for my Amiga addon soundcard.
Where are my plans for the simple v1 setup? (FOUND IT)

I have to start writing rom functions for display usage. Like
JSR $ff00 – Clear screen subroutine .. etc
I’m scraping information from websites, to get started on my clock controller.
ATmega328 with ssd1306 display and rotary encoder/dip switches

Notes about the movie:
Left side is Arduino IDE monitor reading Addressbus and Databus.
(I’m going to try to rewrite this to realtime disassemble)
Resetting system.
Stepping CPU with manual clock pulses.
Start vector being read at $FFFC/$FFFD.
Program being run from $8000.
Set clock on automatic ( ~ about 150 Hz )
Last opcodes you see a JMP loop 4C 2F 80, that is JMP $802F
Display enlarged on video, was not visible on movie i took on mobile.
(Wrong angle?)

Breadboard overview

Clock module	Reset module + Crystal
CPU + nmi/int buttons	RAM and ROM
Address decode + Bus divide	Addres/Data bus leds
6522 VIA + Display	2nd via + Buttons
?	(sound board)

TIL: 6502 can run without ram only rom,expect when using JSR … which uses a program stack in RAM

TODO:

Make Clock module and 1Mhz Crystal switchable
NMI and INT debounce maken
Software buttons
Buy new darlingtons, for controlbus!
- r/w, int, chip enables, etc
Labels on chips/breadboards

Computer

C64 PRG to cartridge.

2022-08-10 fash

Last Updated or created 2023-01-26

I’ve got the tools and Bigred made me enthusiastic again.
My goal is to make a C64 Cartridge from a PRG. And Not any program, it is the 8085 Emulator from Sepp.

Serveral problems i have to ‘fix’

The program is 17K, Cartridges can only be 16K.
So i have to use 2x 8K and compress the data.
This means it have to be uncompressed at start time.
( I was thinking of using exomiser for this )
Program starts normally at $0820 and probably is not optimised to run anywhere else.
So a starting routine has to copy the program from cartridge memory to the correct location

Luckily i have the source! How cool is that

For version 4.73 it states : Starting at $0820 .. but my hexdump is off by one??!?

root@battlestation:/home/fash/Projects/minipro# hexdump -C /tmp/8085.prg  | head
00000000  01 08 1e 08 c5 07 9e 32  30 38 30 20 42 59 20 4d  |.......2080 BY M|
00000010  41 52 54 49 4e 20 4d 45  59 45 52 49 4e 4b 00 00  |ARTIN MEYERINK..|
00000020  00 20 ec 08 20 7f 19 20  2b 2c 20 11 19 20 b8 08  |. .. .. +, .. ..|
00000030  20 20 2c 20 a0 2c 20 f2  2c 20 11 e1 4c 00 15 aa  |  , ., ., ..L...|
00000040  aa a2 06 ad b7 08 9d 48  d8 bd 48 04 20 88 39 9d  |.......H..H. .9.|
00000050  48 04 ca 10 ee a9 60 8d  4c 04 4c 50 47 00 a9 d0  |H.....`.L.LPG...|
00000060  2c a9 f0 8d 45 1f 4c 11  e1 1e 93 0d 20 20 4d 41  |,...E.L.....  MA|
00000070  52 54 49 4e 20 4d 45 59  45 52 49 4e 4b 27 53 0d  |RTIN MEYERINK'S.|
00000080  0d 20 38 30 38 35 20 45  4d 55 4c 41 54 4f 52 20  |. 8085 EMULATOR |
00000090  20 56 34 2e 38 30 0d 0d  20 20 28 43 29 20 31 20  | V4.80..  (C) 1 |

00000020 00 20 ec starts with 00 at $0020 .. and not 20 ?!?!

Tools used until now:

Vice – C64 Emulator
x64 -cartcrt 8085.crt
c1541 – Linux disk tool for C64 images.
Used this to extract the 8085emulator PRG
prg2crt.py – a convertor from PRG to a cartrid file which can be used by Vice
python2 prg2crt.py 8085.prg 8085.crt
minipro – eeprom programming tool for Linux
minipro -p AT28C64 -w /tmp/test.bin
cartconv (tool from vice to convert crt <-> bin)
cartconv -t normal -i test.bin -n ‘my cart’ -o test.crt
xa – Cross assembler 65xx/R65C02/65816
ACME – the ACME Crossassembler for Multiple Environments

Card Low starts at $8000, so that’s the place where those roms are going to be.
To place on this address:

Copy routine : from ($8000 + this copy routine) to $0820
When to decompress??
jmp routine to $0820

A cartridge file >16K and with his emulation headers seems to work??!

Also nice: Magic Desk Cartridge Generator V3.0

UPDATE: 20220811

exomizer sfx 0x0820 8085.prg -o data.exo # Compress and start at 0x0820 
xa frame.asm -o frame.bin # Add code and write binary
x64 --cart16 frame.bin # Test cartridge with Vice

frame.asm

;---------------------------------------------------------- 
; example usage
; xa frame.asm -o frame.bin
; cartconv -t normal -i frame.bin -n 'my cart' -o frame.crt
; x64 -cartcrt frame.crt
;----------------------------------------------------------

;no load-adress for bin-file, so no header here

*=$8000
.word launcher ;cold start
.word launcher ;warm start
.byte $c3	;c
.byte $c2	;b
.byte $cd	;m
.byte $38	;8
.byte $30	;0

launcher
  stx $d016
  jsr $fda3	;prepare irq
  jsr $fd50	;init memory
  jsr $fd15	;init i/o
  jsr $ff5b	;init video
                ;make sure this sets up everything you need,
                ;the calls above are probably sufficient
  ldx #$fb
  txs

;set up starting code outside of cartridge-area
move_starter
  ldx #(starter_end-starter_start)
loop1
  lda starter_start,x
  sta $100,x
  dex
  bpl loop1
  jmp $100
;---------------------------------
starter_start	
  ldx #$40 ;64 pages = 256 * 64 = 16384 Bytes
  ldy #0
loop
src
  lda exomized_data,y
dst
  sta $801,y
  iny
  bne loop
  inc src+2-starter_start+$100 
  inc dst+2-starter_start+$100
  dex
  bpl loop

;make sure settings for $01 and IRQ etc are correct for your code
;remember THIS table from AAY64:

;       Bit+-------------+-----------+------------+
;       210| $8000-$BFFF |$D000-$DFFF|$E000-$FFFF |
;  +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
;  | 7 |111| Cart.+Basic |    I/O    | Kernal ROM |
;  +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
;  | 6 |110|     RAM     |    I/O    | Kernal ROM |
;  +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
;  | 5 |101|     RAM     |    I/O    |    RAM     |
;  +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
;  | 4 |100|     RAM     |    RAM    |    RAM     |
;  +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
;  | 3 |011| Cart.+Basic | Char. ROM | Kernal ROM |
;  +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
;  | 2 |010|     RAM     | Char. ROM | Kernal ROM |
;  +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
;  | 1 |001|     RAM     | Char. ROM |    RAM     |
;  +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+
;  | 0 |000|     RAM     |    RAM    |    RAM     |
;  +---+---+-------------+-----------+------------+

  lda #$35 ;cart is always on instead of BASIC unless it can be switched off via software
  sta $01
  jmp $80d ;for exomizer, i.e.

starter_end
;----------------------------------
exomized_data
.bin 2,0,"data.exo"
;syntax for exomizer 2.0.1:
;exomizer sfx sys game.prg -o data.exo
main_file_end
;fill up full $4000 bytes for bin file ($c000-$8000=$4000)
.dsb ($c000-main_file_end),0

Exomiser info

 Reading "8085.prg", loading from $0801 to $4CE9.
 Crunching from $0801 to $4CE9.
Phase 1: Instrumenting file
-----------------------------
 Length of indata: 17640 bytes.
 [building.directed.acyclic.graph.building.directed.acyclic.graph.]
 Instrumenting file, done.

Phase 2: Calculating encoding
-----------------------------
 pass 1: optimizing ..
 [finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.pat]
  size 80273.0 bits ~10035 bytes
 pass 2: optimizing ..
 [finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.pat]
  size 80039.0 bits ~10005 bytes
 pass 3: optimizing ..
 Calculating encoding, done.

Phase 3: Generating output file
------------------------------
 Encoding: 1101112133423160,1122,2010223445667788,032144406789BBCD
 Length of crunched data: 10034 bytes.
 Crunched data reduced 7606 bytes (43.12%)
 Target is self-decrunching C64 executable,
 jmp address $0820.
 Writing "data.exo" as prg, saving from $0801 to $304C.
Memory layout:   |Start |End   |
 Crunched data   | $07E7| $2F18|
 Decrunched data | $0801| $4CE9|
 Decrunch table  | $0334| $03D0|
 Decruncher      | $00FD| $01C0| and $9F,$A7,$AE,$AF
 Decrunch effect writes to $DBE7.
Decruncher:  |Enter |During|Exit  |
 RAM config  |   $37|   $37|   $37|
 IRQ enabled |     1|     1|     1|

UPDATE:20230126

; CODE COPY FROM http://www.lemon64.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=60786&sid=2559442c8b963d7aac27cb13b493f372
; Thanks for posting: Richard of TND
; this is for a 16KB cart, using ACME!! 

      !to "mycart.crt",cart16crt 

scr = $0400 

DecrunchADDR = 2061 ;SYS 2061   (HEX $080D) 

      *=$8000 
      !word launcher 
      !word launcher 
      !byte $c3,$c2,$cd,$38,$30 ;CBM 80 
      
      

launcher 
   sei 
   stx $d016 
   jsr $fda3 ;prepare irq 
   jsr $fd50 ;input memory 
   jsr $fd15 ;initialise i/o 
   jsr $ff5b ;initialise video memory 
 
;For a more professional boot up. Make 
;the border and screen black. AFTER 
;the video memory, etc has finished. 

   lda #$00 
   sta $d020 
   sta $d021 
   cli 

;Switch off the screen. 

   lda $d011 
   and #%11101111 
   sta $d011 

;Move transfer code over to the screen 
;memory. 

   ldx #$00 
tloop   lda transfer,x 
   sta scr,x 
   inx 
   bne tloop 
   jmp scr 

transfer 
   ldx #$00 
tr1      lda linkedgame,x         ;Move from linked address 
  sta $0801,x                        ;Direct to BASIC start address 
   inx 
   bne tr1 
   inc scr+4 
   inc scr+7 
   lda scr+4 
   bne transfer 
   jsr $e453 ;load basic vectors 
   jsr $e3bf ;init basic ram 

   ldx #$fb 
   txs 

   ;Execute the game, by jumping to the 
   ;de-cruncher's start address. 
   ;jmp $0820 
   jmp DecrunchADDR


;Link crunched game as a PRG file to memory after 
;the cartridge build code. 

linkedgame 
   !bin "8085sys.prg",,2 

FileSize = * 
!if FileSize >$c000 { 
!error "FILE SIZE IS TOO BIG TO FIT 16KB CARTRIDGE" 
} else { 

   *=$c000 
}

Exomizer:

exomizer sfx sys  8085.prg -o 8085sys.prg
 Reading "8085.prg", loading from $0801 to $4CE9.
 Crunching from $0801 to $4CE9.
Phase 1: Instrumenting file
-----------------------------
 Length of indata: 17640 bytes.
 [building.directed.acyclic.graph.building.directed.acyclic.graph.]
 Instrumenting file, done.

Phase 2: Calculating encoding
-----------------------------
 pass 1: optimizing ..
 [finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.pat]
  size 80273.0 bits ~10035 bytes
 pass 2: optimizing ..
 [finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.pat]
  size 80039.0 bits ~10005 bytes
 pass 3: optimizing ..
 Calculating encoding, done.

Phase 3: Generating output file
------------------------------
 Encoding: 1101112133423160,1122,2010223445667788,032144406789BBCD
 Length of crunched data: 10034 bytes.
 Crunched data reduced 7606 bytes (43.12%)
 Target is self-decrunching C64 executable,
 jmp address $0820.
 Writing "8085sys.prg" as prg, saving from $0801 to $304C.
Memory layout:   |Start |End   |
 Crunched data   | $07E7| $2F18|
 Decrunched data | $0801| $4CE9|
 Decrunch table  | $0334| $03D0|
 Decruncher      | $00FD| $01C0| and $9F,$A7,$AE,$AF
 Decrunch effect writes to $DBE7.
Decruncher:  |Enter |During|Exit  |
 RAM config  |   $37|   $37|   $37|
 IRQ enabled |     1|     1|     1|

exomizer sfx $\0801 8085.prg -o 8085out.prg
 Reading "8085.prg", loading from $0801 to $4CE9.
 Crunching from $0801 to $4CE9.
Phase 1: Instrumenting file
-----------------------------
 Length of indata: 17640 bytes.
 [building.directed.acyclic.graph.building.directed.acyclic.graph.]
 Instrumenting file, done.

Phase 2: Calculating encoding
-----------------------------
 pass 1: optimizing ..
 [finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.pat]
  size 80273.0 bits ~10035 bytes
 pass 2: optimizing ..
 [finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.path.finding.shortest.pat]
  size 80039.0 bits ~10005 bytes
 pass 3: optimizing ..
 Calculating encoding, done.

Phase 3: Generating output file
------------------------------
 Encoding: 1101112133423160,1122,2010223445667788,032144406789BBCD
 Length of crunched data: 10034 bytes.
 Crunched data reduced 7606 bytes (43.12%)
 Target is self-decrunching C64 executable,
 jmp address $0801.
 Writing "8085out.prg" as prg, saving from $0801 to $304C.
Memory layout:   |Start |End   |
 Crunched data   | $07E7| $2F18|
 Decrunched data | $0801| $4CE9|
 Decrunch table  | $0334| $03D0|
 Decruncher      | $00FD| $01C0| and $9F,$A7,$AE,$AF
 Decrunch effect writes to $DBE7.
Decruncher:  |Enter |During|Exit  |
 RAM config  |   $37|   $37|   $37|
 IRQ enabled |     1|     1|     1|

This looks okay: (monitor in vice)

Attaching crt in vice

Maybe one of these problems:

1) you CAN NOT use BASIC routines when a cart is inserted (without weird tricks, i.e.
storing BASIC routines on cart etc)

2) you need to be careful about $01 as you may map in ROM at $8000 without expecting it.

Please refer to this if in doubt:
http://unusedino.de/ec64/technical/aay/c64/memcfg.html

[3] You should also be careful about the usage of KERNAL routines as some of them
sweep across BASIC-code as well!

Computer

Altair 8800

2022-08-08 fash

Last Updated or created 2022-08-08

After a whole day soldering yesterday, ending up with a wire mess.
Which didn’t work at the end…

Starting measuring some things, and create some test sketches (led blinky tests)
I found out that the main problem was not having the red switches connected to GND.
Blue switches where upside down, this was a easy fix. Because these are ON-ON switches, and where already connected to a common line.
Then a mixup between D0 and D6 (wires crossed)
And it is working! Made some lines and lettering on the frontplate after some playing around.

Weird to input stuff in octal (group of 3 bits)

Computer

Collection of useful Linux scripts/commands

2022-08-05 fash

Last Updated or created 2024-02-13

Bash tips part 1

Sorting my fileserver i found a lot of Bash/Linux scripts maybe useful.

Some are tool usage only, maybe I’ll remove this page.
But this being my own log/notebook, who knows

Port knocker .. opens port 22 when you send a tcp packet to port 1600 first. Note: when portscanning it wil close again when accessing 1601 or 1599. Note2: NOT active on my server .. duh!

(Open with a browser or telnet/netcat)

iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -m recent --rcheck --name SSH -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 1599 -m recent --name SSH --remove -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 1600 -m recent --name SSH --set -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 1601 -m recent --name SSH --remove -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j DROP

Dump and share your log, you get a short link to share

cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log | nc termbin.com 9999

Multiboot? This will reboot into another OS

#!/bin/bash
WINDOWS_TITLE=`grep -i "^menuentry 'Windows" /boot/grub/grub.
grub-reboot "$WINDOWS_TITLE"
reboot

Unreadable json?

cat file | python3 -m json.tool

screen stuff

Start in screen
Start screen in "detached" mode. This creates a new session but doesn't attach to it. This is useful for system startup scripts.

/usr/bin/screen -d -m -S backup /usr/local/bin/backup.sh
screen -r backup
Screensize
ctrl-a :fix # Screensize fix

Memory leak check

pmap <pid> | tail -1
Memory leak .. pmap opslaan en vergelijken met een pmap later.

Listen to remote microphone local playback

ssh -C monitor@remoteserver arecord -f dat | aplay -f dat

Root login to named account

ssh-copy-id root@remote-server (one time only)

then:

ssh root@remoteserver

Lookup named account

cat /var/log/secure | grep publickey | cut -f6 -d: | while read ; do ssh-keygen -lf ~/.ssh/authorized_keys | grep $REPLY ;done
2048 SHA256:l85g/NvPnEy85UVfJ5LJw3NvPnEy85UVfJ5LJw3NvPnEy85UVfJ5LJw3 haanstoot@minka (RSA)

Get all VMs from RHEV/Ovirt

curl -X GET -H "Accept: application/xml" -u username@domain:PaSSwoRd --cacert rhevm.cer https://rhvserver:443/api/vms  | grep -i "<name>" | grep -v "           " | cut -f2 -d\> | cut -f1 -d\<

Get all disks from RHV

log into ovirt engine and postgres
psql -d engine -U postgres -c 'select vm_names,disk_profile_name,storage_id,disk_id,image_guid,disk_alias from public.all_disks;'

Gluster heal info

gluster volume info | egrep "Volume Name|Type"  | grep -B1 Replicate | grep "Volume Name" | cut -c14- | while read ;do gluster volume heal $REPLY info > /tmp/$REPLY.out ; done
ls /tmp/*out  | while read ;do cat $REPLY | grep entries | grep -v "Number of entries: 0" >/dev/null && echo $REPLY ;done | while read heal ; do cat $heal ;done | tac |sed -e '/Number of entries: 0/I,+1 d' | tac | uniq

Some work tips i’ve posted

VI
Vim comments
toevoegen
ga op de eerste regel van de te commenten regel staan
ctrl-v (visual)
naar beneden tot eind regel (met cursor of pagedown)
ctrl-i
#
esc (kan even duren)
verwijderen
ga op de eerste regel van de te uncommenten regel staan
ctrl-v (visual)
naar beneden tot eind regel (met cursor of pagedown)
x
esc
Als user config geedit en geen schrijfrechten?
:!bash
chmod 666 bestand
:wq
chmod bestand naar wat hij was
Input / verwerk door bash vanuit vi
:0,5 !sort # eerste 5 regels door sort heen halen

:r !date # datum in je tekst document
Vim tabs / multiple files
vi /etc/hosts /etc/services
:n 
:prev
VIM7 tabs
vim -p /etc/hosts /etc/profile
:tabe /etc/services
:tabn
:tabp
Key mappen
:map <F7> :tabp <CR>
:map <F8> :tabn <CR>
zet deze in je $HOME/.vimrc ... zonder de eerste ":"
Vi redirect
:r date               # datum in text 
:1,5!sort -n          # sorteren van eerste 5 regels met een extern commando (kan ook met shift v een visual gedeelte selecteren)
:0,$!cut -f1 -d:      # alleen field 1 van text overhouden (delimiter :)
Vi inspringen bij loop code
selecteer met shift-v de regels die moeten inspringen.
daarna > of < gebruiken om te tabben
Speciale charakters met vi bekijken
:set list
een tab zier er dan uit als ^I
Bash
sudo vergeten in commando
service apache restart
sudo !!
Bash truck vorige commando
doet vorig commando met aangepast keyword
systemctl status ovirt-ha-broker.service
^status^start
{} expand
directory's archief30_tmp t/m archief35_tmp recursive directories chmod 2775 zetten
find achief{30..35}_tmp -type d -exec chmod 2775 {} \;

of

mkdir tmp{1..3}
echo pr{ut,utser}s
1 regel uit een script starten zonder copy-paste (bijvoorbeeld in een remote-console sessie)
grep ipa command uit cobber.ks en voor deze uit
( /usr/sbin/ipa-client-install --domain=mgtdomain --enable-dns-updates -w password --realm=domain --server=server.domain --hostname=hypervisor.domain --unattended --force-ntpd )
cat cobbler.ks | grep ipa | bash
Bash karakters omdraaien
Linkerhand rechterhand coordinatie probleem smile
upadte
ga op de d staan en druk ctrl-t
Bash laatste woord vorige regel
ls -latrd /var/data/extra/backup
chmod 775 <ESC(punt)>
Ssh forward bij een running sessie
[haanstoot@xxx202 ~]$ 
~C (tilde C)
-L8080:localhost:80 (redirect localhost port 80 naar eigen machine poort 8080
-D9999 (Dynamic socks forward, zie andere post in deze wiki)
CTRL-C werkt niet?
ctrl\
SSH .ssh/config
KeepAlive yes <---------- dont die on me
ServerAliveInterval 60 <---------- dont die on me
Host *.domain <-- voor alle hosts in radlan fast login en geen vraag over key
   StrictHostKeyChecking no 
   UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null

host *.domain <-- domain is altijd mijn user
        user haanstoot
        GSSAPIAuthentication no <-- speedup

host pruts*.domain
        user pi
Parallel tasks
4 parallel jobs
find jpg -type f -name \*.jpg -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 -P4 ./convert.sh
clusterssh truck
clusterssh alle svgs <--- naar alle svgs
sudo su -
cd /bricks/*/store <--- cd naar deze als bestaat
cd /rhgs/brick0*/store <-- cd naar deze als bestaat (nu sta je in atelier directories als deze bestaat als root in de svgs)
pwd | grep store || logout <--- geen atelier dir waar je staat? dan logout
id | grep haanstoot && logout <-- net logout? dus eigen user ... dan logout
eindresultaat ... als root in atelier volumes op svgs waar ze bestaan
Start in screen
/usr/bin/screen -d -m -S backup /usr/local/bin/backup.sh
screen -r backup
Start screen in "detached" mode. This creates a new session but doesn't attach to it. This is useful for system startup scripts.
Sudo vergeten
systemctl restart httpd (wil niet als user)
sudo !!
(doet "sudo systemctl restart httpd")
Reuse arguments

Bijvoorbeeld:
# touch file1 file2 file3 file4
# chmod 777 !*

Voert uit: chmod 777 file1 file2 file3 file4
5 meeste disk gebruikers human readable
du -hsx * | sort -rh | head -5
rm groot bestand duurt lang
: > /mappen2/archieven/test.img
Check memory bankjes
sudo dmidecode| grep  -i -B1 "Form Factor" (B1 betekend BEFORE 1 regel meenemen, A is AFTER)

        Size: 8192 MB
        Form Factor: DIMM
--
        Size: 8192 MB
        Form Factor: DIMM
--
        Size: No Module Installed
        Form Factor: DIMM
--
Set time and restart NTP service
sudo service ntpd stop && sudo ntpdate ntp1.domain && sudo ntpdate ntp2.domain && sudo service ntpd start
Aliases en terminal kleuren
In een terminal f*ckedup colors?
komt door de alias
alias ls='ls --color'
deze even uitzetten / niet gebruiken?
\ls
Werkt voor alle aliassen
Snelle delete
Niet onderstaande gebruiken voor grote dirs
rm -rf /path/bla
Maar
mkdir /tmp/leeg ; rsync -a --delete /tmp/leeg /path/bla
Bash best practices
BashBestPractices
Script log replay
script --timing=/tmp/time.txt /tmp/script.log
scriptreplay -t /tmp/time.txt /tmp/script.log

There are toooo many cool sniplets .. only adding when i’m bored.

Computer

Finding files on my fileserver

2022-08-04 fash

Last Updated or created 2022-08-04

I use several tools to find files on my server.

Loads of stuff on my main fileserver.
(Graph is a great tool called DUC) https://duc.zevv.nl/

Besides a search engine, i have a file finder.
Due to the massive amount of data, i like to find things by other means than knowing the directory structure.

I can find files by filename, but also by contents.

I’ll talk about find by contents first.

I’ve got loads of documents in Pdf, HTML, txt, doc, sheets , wordperfect etcetera.
Those documents i can find using a tool named Namazu.
This is quite a old tool, but i’m using it for a long time and it still works great.
I didn’t find a better replacement yet.
(But i’ve been looking into : elasticsearch, Solr, Lucene)

http://www.namazu.org/ is easy to install, but if you want the tool to scrape different kinds of documents you have to add some additional software.

My multipurpose printer can scan pages in pdf.
Those are only embedded jpg’s in a pdf container.
I will talk about how i handle these later.

My current start page :
This index contains 267,763 documents and 14,036,762 keywords.

Some things to consider when implementing namazu:

tweak the file types to scrape, it makes no sense to scrape binaries
tweak the directories to scrape (example below)
- 0 1 * * 1 fash /usr/bin/mknmz -f /etc/namazu/mknmzrc –output-dir=/namazu/ /mnt/private/paperwork/ /mnt/private/information/ /mnt/private/Art\ en\ hobby\ Projects/ /mnt/private/Music\ Projects/ /mnt/private/bagpipe-music-writer/ –exclude=XXX –exclude=/mnt/binaries > /tmp/namazu.log 2>&1
you can set a parameter in the config for search only, this disables downloading the found link in the results!

Before Namazu i used HtDig.

HtDIg also can scrape remote websites, Namazu can’t.

Preparing PDF for indexing:

I’ve written some scripts to make PDFs containing scanned text scrape-able.
( https://gitlab.com/fash/inotify-scanner-parser )
What it does:

My scanner puts a scanned pdf on my fileserver in a certain directory
Inotify detects a written file
it will copy the file, run OCR on it (tesseract) and writes a txt file (scapeable)
After that the text will be embedded (overlay) on the PDF, so now it becomes searchable/scrapeable
When certain keywords are found, it will sort documents in subdirs

Example from a scanned jpg, i can find OCR words!
(note .. the overlay is exact on the found words)

Finding files by name:

For finding files a made a little webpage like this:

It is a simple webpage grabbing through a list of files.
It takes the first keyword and does a grep, it takes a second keyword to match also.
I can select different file databases to search. (This case is private)
Between search and private i can give the number of entries to print.
So i can do
Search “ansible” NOT “tower” 50 entries from the public fileset

Crontab:

20 5 * * * /usr/bin/find /mnt/shark*  > /var/www/html/findfiles/sharkoon
10 4 * * * /usr/bin/find /tank/populair > /var/www/html/findfiles/populair
20 4 * * * /usr/bin/find /tank/celtic > /var/www/html/findfiles/celtic
etc

And a php script (dirty fast hack, never came around it to make it a final version)

<html><head><title></title></body>
<font face="Tahoma"><small>|keyword|(keyword)|search|(nr results)|NOT SECOND KEYWORD|share|</small><BR>
Search: <form method="post" action="/findfiles/?"><input type="Text" name="words" size=10 value=""><input type="Text" name="words2" size=10 value=""><input type="Submit" name="submit" value="search"><input type="Text" name="nrlines" size=3 value=""><input type="checkbox" name="not" unchecked>
<SELECT NAME=findfile>
<OPTION VALUE=private>private
<OPTION VALUE=celtic>celtic
<OPTION VALUE=populair>populair
<OPTION VALUE=dump>public
<OPTION VALUE=sharkoon>sharkoon
</SELECT>
</form>
<P><PRE>
<?php
$words2=$_POST['words2'];
$words=$_POST['words'];
$filefile=$_POST['filefile'];
$findfile=$_POST['findfile'];
$nrlines=$_POST['nrlines'];
$not=$_POST['not'];


if ($words2=="xsearch") { $findfile="other"; $words2=""; }
if ($nrlines) {  } else { $nrlines=100; }
if ($words && $words2=="") {
$words = preg_replace("(\r\n|\n|\r)", "", $words);
$words = preg_replace("/[^0-9a-z]/i",'', $words);
$command = "/bin/cat $findfile |/bin/grep -i $words |head -$nrlines";
$blah=shell_exec($command);
$blah=str_replace($words, "<b><font color=red>$words</font></b>",$blah);
print $blah;
}
if (($words) and ($words2)) {
$words = preg_replace("(\r\n|\n|\r)", "", $words);
$words = preg_replace("/[^0-9a-z.]/i",'', $words);
$words2 = preg_replace("(\r\n|\n|\r)", "", $words2);
$words2 = preg_replace("/[^0-9a-z.]/i",'', $words2);
if ($not=="on") {
$command = "/bin/cat $findfile |/bin/grep -i $words | /bin/grep -iv $words2 |head -$nrlines";
} else {
$command = "/bin/cat $findfile |/bin/grep -i $words | /bin/grep -i $words2 |head -$nrlines";
}
$blah=shell_exec($command);
$blah=str_replace($words, "<b><font color=red>$words</font></b>",$blah);
$blah=str_replace($words2, "<b><font color=red>$words2</font></b>",$blah);
print $blah;
}
?>
</PRE>
</body></html>

Computer

Altair 8800

2022-08-03 fash

Last Updated or created 2022-08-04

The Altair 8800 is a microcomputer designed in 1974 by MITS and based on the Intel 8080 CPU. Interest grew quickly after it was featured on the cover of the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics and was sold by mail order through advertisements there, in Radio-Electronics, and in other hobbyist magazines.

UPDATE: 20220804 – Added Octal sheet

I alway loved the simple setup of this computer.
There was no screen and no keyboard.
Only later additions to the machine provided these.

One explanation of the Altair name, is that the name was inspired by Star Trek episode “Amok Time“, where the Enterprise crew went to Altair (Six).

There are only a few differences between the used 8080 CPU and the 8085 CPU of a machine i learned machinecode on.

See : https://www.henriaanstoot.nl/1989/01/01/8085-machinecode-at-school/

So for a really long time i wanted to have a Altair alike machine. There are do it yourself kits for sale. Which look like perfect relica’s and there are virtual machines and emulators. But i wanted to have the feeling of throwing the switches.
You can find a emulator here (https://s2js.com/altair/)

So i bought the components, a poker case which can hold the machine. And started building today.

The backend is a arduino based emulator, but with real leds and switches!
(https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/david-hansel/arduino-altair-8800-simulator-3594a6)

Next to do:

Fix plate into case
Solder a LOT of wires and components!
- Shall i get rid off the transitors and use darlington arrays?
Put lettering on the aluminium plate : Functions and Bus information.
Build a power connector in the case

And then … programming 🙂

UPDATE: 20220804 – Added Octal sheet

The Altair is a octal based machine, but i couldn’t find a opcode list in Octal. So i generated one.
When entering a MOV D,M instruction for example, you have to enter
x 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 using the switches
Thats 126 in octal but most tables are in hex ( MOV D,M is 56, which is 0101 0110 but not that clear on the switches)

Opcode (oct)	Instruction	function	size	flags	Opcode
000	NOP		1		0x00
001	LXI B,D16	B <- byte 3, C <- byte 2	3		0x01
002	STAX B	(BC) <- A	1		0x02
003	INX B	BC <- BC+1	1		0x03
004	INR B	B <- B+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x04
005	DCR B	B <- B-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x05
006	MVI B, D8	B <- byte 2	2		0x06
007	RLC	A = A << 1; bit 0 = prev bit 7; CY = prev bit 7	1	CY	0x07
010	–				0x08
011	DAD B	HL = HL + BC	1	CY	0x09
012	LDAX B	A <- (BC)	1		0x0a
013	DCX B	BC = BC-1	1		0x0b
014	INR C	C <- C+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x0c
015	DCR C	C <-C-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x0d
016	MVI C,D8	C <- byte 2	2		0x0e
017	RRC	A = A >> 1; bit 7 = prev bit 0; CY = prev bit 0	1	CY	0x0f
020	–				0x10
021	LXI D,D16	D <- byte 3, E <- byte 2	3		0x11
022	STAX D	(DE) <- A	1		0x12
023	INX D	DE <- DE + 1	1		0x13
024	INR D	D <- D+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x14
025	DCR D	D <- D-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x15
026	MVI D, D8	D <- byte 2	2		0x16
027	RAL	A = A << 1; bit 0 = prev CY; CY = prev bit 7	1	CY	0x17
030	–				0x18
031	DAD D	HL = HL + DE	1	CY	0x19
032	LDAX D	A <- (DE)	1		0x1a
033	DCX D	DE = DE-1	1		0x1b
034	INR E	E <-E+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x1c
035	DCR E	E <- E-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x1d
036	MVI E,D8	E <- byte 2	2		0x1e
037	RAR	A = A >> 1; bit 7 = prev bit 7; CY = prev bit 0	1	CY	0x1f
040	–				0x20
041	LXI H,D16	H <- byte 3, L <- byte 2	3		0x21
042	SHLD adr	(adr) <-L; (adr+1)<-H	3		0x22
043	INX H	HL <- HL + 1	1		0x23
044	INR H	H <- H+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x24
045	DCR H	H <- H-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x25
046	MVI H,D8	H <- byte 2	2		0x26
047	DAA	special	1		0x27
050	–				0x28
051	DAD H	HL = HL + HI	1	CY	0x29
052	LHLD adr	L <- (adr); H<-(adr+1)	3		0x2a
053	DCX H	HL = HL-1	1		0x2b
054	INR L	L <- L+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x2c
055	DCR L	L <- L-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x2d
056	MVI L, D8	L <- byte 2	2		0x2e
057	CMA	A <- !A	1		0x2f
060	–				0x30
061	LXI SP, D16	SP.hi <- byte 3, SP.lo <- byte 2	3		0x31
062	STA adr	(adr) <- A	3		0x32
063	INX SP	SP = SP + 1	1		0x33
064	INR M	(HL) <- (HL)+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x34
065	DCR M	(HL) <- (HL)-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x35
066	MVI M,D8	(HL) <- byte 2	2		0x36
067	STC	CY = 1	1	CY	0x37
070	–				0x38
071	DAD SP	HL = HL + SP	1	CY	0x39
072	LDA adr	A <- (adr)	3		0x3a
073	DCX SP	SP = SP-1	1		0x3b
074	INR A	A <- A+1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x3c
075	DCR A	A <- A-1	1	Z, S, P, AC	0x3d
076	MVI A,D8	A <- byte 2	2		0x3e
077	CMC	CY=!CY	1	CY	0x3f
100	MOV B,B	B <- B	1		0x40
101	MOV B,C	B <- C	1		0x41
102	MOV B,D	B <- D	1		0x42
103	MOV B,E	B <- E	1		0x43
104	MOV B,H	B <- H	1		0x44
105	MOV B,L	B <- L	1		0x45
106	MOV B,M	B <- (HL)	1		0x46
107	MOV B,A	B <- A	1		0x47
110	MOV C,B	C <- B	1		0x48
111	MOV C,C	C <- C	1		0x49
112	MOV C,D	C <- D	1		0x4a
113	MOV C,E	C <- E	1		0x4b
114	MOV C,H	C <- H	1		0x4c
115	MOV C,L	C <- L	1		0x4d
116	MOV C,M	C <- (HL)	1		0x4e
117	MOV C,A	C <- A	1		0x4f
120	MOV D,B	D <- B	1		0x50
121	MOV D,C	D <- C	1		0x51
122	MOV D,D	D <- D	1		0x52
123	MOV D,E	D <- E	1		0x53
124	MOV D,H	D <- H	1		0x54
125	MOV D,L	D <- L	1		0x55
126	MOV D,M	D <- (HL)	1		0x56
127	MOV D,A	D <- A	1		0x57
130	MOV E,B	E <- B	1		0x58
131	MOV E,C	E <- C	1		0x59
132	MOV E,D	E <- D	1		0x5a
133	MOV E,E	E <- E	1		0x5b
134	MOV E,H	E <- H	1		0x5c
135	MOV E,L	E <- L	1		0x5d
136	MOV E,M	E <- (HL)	1		0x5e
137	MOV E,A	E <- A	1		0x5f
140	MOV H,B	H <- B	1		0x60
141	MOV H,C	H <- C	1		0x61
142	MOV H,D	H <- D	1		0x62
143	MOV H,E	H <- E	1		0x63
144	MOV H,H	H <- H	1		0x64
145	MOV H,L	H <- L	1		0x65
146	MOV H,M	H <- (HL)	1		0x66
147	MOV H,A	H <- A	1		0x67
150	MOV L,B	L <- B	1		0x68
151	MOV L,C	L <- C	1		0x69
152	MOV L,D	L <- D	1		0x6a
153	MOV L,E	L <- E	1		0x6b
154	MOV L,H	L <- H	1		0x6c
155	MOV L,L	L <- L	1		0x6d
156	MOV L,M	L <- (HL)	1		0x6e
157	MOV L,A	L <- A	1		0x6f
160	MOV M,B	(HL) <- B	1		0x70
161	MOV M,C	(HL) <- C	1		0x71
162	MOV M,D	(HL) <- D	1		0x72
163	MOV M,E	(HL) <- E	1		0x73
164	MOV M,H	(HL) <- H	1		0x74
165	MOV M,L	(HL) <- L	1		0x75
166	HLT	special	1		0x76
167	MOV M,A	(HL) <- A	1		0x77
170	MOV A,B	A <- B	1		0x78
171	MOV A,C	A <- C	1		0x79
172	MOV A,D	A <- D	1		0x7a
173	MOV A,E	A <- E	1		0x7b
174	MOV A,H	A <- H	1		0x7c
175	MOV A,L	A <- L	1		0x7d
176	MOV A,M	A <- (HL)	1		0x7e
177	MOV A,A	A <- A	1		0x7f
200	ADD B	A <- A + B	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x80
201	ADD C	A <- A + C	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x81
202	ADD D	A <- A + D	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x82
203	ADD E	A <- A + E	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x83
204	ADD H	A <- A + H	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x84
205	ADD L	A <- A + L	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x85
206	ADD M	A <- A + (HL)	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x86
207	ADD A	A <- A + A	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x87
210	ADC B	A <- A + B + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x88
211	ADC C	A <- A + C + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x89
212	ADC D	A <- A + D + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x8a
213	ADC E	A <- A + E + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x8b
214	ADC H	A <- A + H + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x8c
215	ADC L	A <- A + L + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x8d
216	ADC M	A <- A + (HL) + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x8e
217	ADC A	A <- A + A + CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x8f
220	SUB B	A <- A – B	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x90
221	SUB C	A <- A – C	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x91
222	SUB D	A <- A + D	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x92
223	SUB E	A <- A – E	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x93
224	SUB H	A <- A + H	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x94
225	SUB L	A <- A – L	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x95
226	SUB M	A <- A + (HL)	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x96
227	SUB A	A <- A – A	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x97
230	SBB B	A <- A – B – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x98
231	SBB C	A <- A – C – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x99
232	SBB D	A <- A – D – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x9a
233	SBB E	A <- A – E – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x9b
234	SBB H	A <- A – H – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x9c
235	SBB L	A <- A – L – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x9d
236	SBB M	A <- A – (HL) – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x9e
237	SBB A	A <- A – A – CY	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0x9f
240	ANA B	A <- A & B	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa0
241	ANA C	A <- A & C	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa1
242	ANA D	A <- A & D	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa2
243	ANA E	A <- A & E	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa3
244	ANA H	A <- A & H	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa4
245	ANA L	A <- A & L	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa5
246	ANA M	A <- A & (HL)	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa6
247	ANA A	A <- A & A	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa7
250	XRA B	A <- A ^ B	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa8
251	XRA C	A <- A ^ C	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xa9
252	XRA D	A <- A ^ D	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xaa
253	XRA E	A <- A ^ E	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xab
254	XRA H	A <- A ^ H	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xac
255	XRA L	A <- A ^ L	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xad
256	XRA M	A <- A ^ (HL)	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xae
257	XRA A	A <- A ^ A	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xaf
260	ORA B	A <- A \| B	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb0
261	ORA C	A <- A \| C	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb1
262	ORA D	A <- A \| D	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb2
263	ORA E	A <- A \| E	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb3
264	ORA H	A <- A \| H	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb4
265	ORA L	A <- A \| L	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb5
266	ORA M	A <- A \| (HL)	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb6
267	ORA A	A <- A \| A	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb7
270	CMP B	A – B	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb8
271	CMP C	A – C	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xb9
272	CMP D	A – D	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xba
273	CMP E	A – E	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xbb
274	CMP H	A – H	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xbc
275	CMP L	A – L	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xbd
276	CMP M	A – (HL)	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xbe
277	CMP A	A – A	1	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xbf
300	RNZ	if NZ, RET	1		0xc0
301	POP B	C <- (sp); B <- (sp+1); sp <- sp+2	1		0xc1
302	JNZ adr	if NZ, PC <- adr	3		0xc2
303	JMP adr	PC <= adr	3		0xc3
304	CNZ adr	if NZ, CALL adr	3		0xc4
305	PUSH B	(sp-2)<-C; (sp-1)<-B; sp <- sp – 2	1		0xc5
306	ADI D8	A <- A + byte	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xc6
307	RST 0	CALL $0	1		0xc7
310	RZ	if Z, RET	1		0xc8
311	RET	PC.lo <- (sp); PC.hi<-(sp+1); SP <- SP+2	1		0xc9
312	JZ adr	if Z, PC <- adr	3		0xca
313	–				0xcb
314	CZ adr	if Z, CALL adr	3		0xcc
315	CALL adr	(SP-1)<-PC.hi;(SP-2)<-PC.lo;SP<-SP-2;PC=adr	3		0xcd
316	ACI D8	A <- A + data + CY	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xce
317	RST 1	CALL $8	1		0xcf
320	RNC	if NCY, RET	1		0xd0
321	POP D	E <- (sp); D <- (sp+1); sp <- sp+2	1		0xd1
322	JNC adr	if NCY, PC<-adr	3		0xd2
323	OUT D8	special	2		0xd3
324	CNC adr	if NCY, CALL adr	3		0xd4
325	PUSH D	(sp-2)<-E; (sp-1)<-D; sp <- sp – 2	1		0xd5
326	SUI D8	A <- A – data	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xd6
327	RST 2	CALL $10	1		0xd7
330	RC	if CY, RET	1		0xd8
331	–				0xd9
332	JC adr	if CY, PC<-adr	3		0xda
333	IN D8	special	2		0xdb
334	CC adr	if CY, CALL adr	3		0xdc
335	–				0xdd
336	SBI D8	A <- A – data – CY	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xde
337	RST 3	CALL $18	1		0xdf
340	RPO	if PO, RET	1		0xe0
341	POP H	L <- (sp); H <- (sp+1); sp <- sp+2	1		0xe1
342	JPO adr	if PO, PC <- adr	3		0xe2
343	XTHL	L <-> (SP); H <-> (SP+1)	1		0xe3
344	CPO adr	if PO, CALL adr	3		0xe4
345	PUSH H	(sp-2)<-L; (sp-1)<-H; sp <- sp – 2	1		0xe5
346	ANI D8	A <- A & data	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xe6
347	RST 4	CALL $20	1		0xe7
350	RPE	if PE, RET	1		0xe8
351	PCHL	PC.hi <- H; PC.lo <- L	1		0xe9
352	JPE adr	if PE, PC <- adr	3		0xea
353	XCHG	H <-> D; L <-> E	1		0xeb
354	CPE adr	if PE, CALL adr	3		0xec
355	–				0xed
356	XRI D8	A <- A ^ data	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xee
357	RST 5	CALL $28	1		0xef
360	RP	if P, RET	1		0xf0
361	POP PSW	flags <- (sp); A <- (sp+1); sp <- sp+2	1		0xf1
362	JP adr	if P=1 PC <- adr	3		0xf2
363	DI	special	1		0xf3
364	CP adr	if P, PC <- adr	3		0xf4
365	PUSH PSW	(sp-2)<-flags; (sp-1)<-A; sp <- sp – 2	1		0xf5
366	ORI D8	A <- A \| data	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xf6
367	RST 6	CALL $30	1		0xf7
370	RM	if M, RET	1		0xf8
371	SPHL	SP=HL	1		0xf9
372	JM adr	if M, PC <- adr	3		0xfa
373	EI	special	1		0xfb
374	CM adr	if M, CALL adr	3		0xfc
375	–				0xfd
376	CPI D8	A – data	2	Z, S, P, CY, AC	0xfe
377	RST 7	CALL $38	1		0xff

Prutser ..

Monthly Archives: August 2022

Memory map generator

Scavenging parts and schematics

Badge picture plus sound in micropython

Wire wrap

6502 progress

C64 PRG to cartridge.

Altair 8800

Collection of useful Linux scripts/commands

Finding files on my fileserver

Altair 8800

"If something is worth doing, it's worth overdoing."