Tag Archives: arduino

Music Page Turner

UPDATE: 20230320 new version

My first version of the Bluetooth page turner.

This was made using an Arduino and some buttons.
I’m using Fbreader and Ebookdroid on the tablet.

Code:

Note: Volume buttons work for both apps, if you want to use other keys, you need to put a keymap.xml file in your fbreader books directory on your android device to remap those!

#include <BleKeyboard.h>

#define RIGHT_TURN 4
#define LEFT_TURN 5

BleKeyboard bleKeyboard("fashpageturner", "Bluetooth Device Manufacturer", 100);

void setup() {
  bleKeyboard.begin();
  
  pinMode(LEFT_TURN, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(RIGHT_TURN, INPUT_PULLUP);
}

void loop() {
  if (bleKeyboard.isConnected() && !digitalRead(RIGHT_TURN)) {
    bleKeyboard.press(KEY_MEDIA_VOLUME_UP);
    delay (100);
    bleKeyboard.releaseAll();
  }
  if (bleKeyboard.isConnected() && !digitalRead(LEFT_TURN)) {
    bleKeyboard.press(KEY_MEDIA_VOLUME_DOWN);
    delay (100);
    bleKeyboard.releaseAll();
  }

}

NEW Version

CPU / Memory analog meters

Today i used some analog meters to display cpu load and memory usage.

Using below 12 bit DAC (MCP4725 ) and a Wemos Mini

Usage: (Anything you can come up with, if you got a value, you can display it)

curl http://IP/specificArgs?dac_value=$(grep 'cpu ' /proc/stat | awk '{usage=($2+$4)*1000} END {print usage }' |cut -f1 -d.)

Arduino code

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>            
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_MCP4725.h>
#define MCP4725 0x62   

unsigned int adc;
byte buffer[3];          
Adafruit_MCP4725 dac;

char dac_value_tmp[6] = "0";
int dac_value = 0;
ESP8266WebServer server(80);   //Web server

void setup() {
  Wire.begin();
Serial.begin(115200);
WiFi.begin("accesspoint", "accesspointpass"); 
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { 
delay(500);
Serial.println("Waiting to connect…");
}
Serial.print("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());  //Print IP 
server.on("/genericArgs", handleGenericArgs); 
server.on("/specificArgs", handleSpecificArg);  
server.begin();                        //Start the server
Serial.println("Server listening");   
 dac.begin(0x60); // The I2C Address
}
void loop() {

    uint32_t dac_value;
    int adcValueRead = 0;
    float voltageRead = 0;
server.handleClient();   

}
void handleGenericArgs() { //Handler
String message = "Number of args received:";
message += server.args();     //Get number of parameters
message += "\n";                 

for (int i = 0; i < server.args(); i++) {
message += "Arg nº" + (String)i + " –> "; 
message += server.argName(i) + ": ";    
message += server.arg(i) + "\n";         
} 
server.send(200, "text/plain", message);   
}
void handleSpecificArg() { 
String message = "";
if (server.arg("dac_value")== ""){     //Parameter not found
message = "dac_value Argument not found";
}else{     
message = "dac_value = ";
message += server.arg("dac_value");     //Gets the value of the query parameter
    
int dac_value = server.arg("dac_value").toInt();  
      Serial.print("DAC Value: ");
      Serial.print(dac_value);

 buffer[0] = 0b01000000;   
  buffer[1] = dac_value >> 4;              //Puts the most significant bit values
  buffer[2] = dac_value << 4;              //Puts the Least significant bit values
  Wire.beginTransmission(MCP4725);         //Joins I2C bus with MCP4725 with 0x61 address
  
  Wire.write(buffer[0]);            //Sends control byte 
  Wire.write(buffer[1]);            //Sends the MSB to I2C 
  Wire.write(buffer[2]);            //Sends the LSB to I2C
  Wire.endTransmission();           //Ends the transmission
}
server.send(200, "text/plain", message);          //Returns the HTTP response
}
Little different image MCP4725 .. Analog meter between resistor and white.

Resistor depends on the range of your analog meters

Macro Buttons

A box with macro buttons for your PC using Arduino Leonardo

#include <Keypad.h> // matrix read
#include <Keyboard.h> // keyboard out

#define ENABLE_PULLUPS // fuck the resistors
#define NUMBUTTONS 25 // matrix
#define NUMROWS 5 // matrix rows
#define NUMCOLS 5 // matrix cols

int analog1 = A3;
int analog2 = A7;


int inPinctrl = 3;  // function ctrl, pull to vcc
int inPinalt = 4;  // function alt, pull to vcc 
int valctrl = 0;    // variable to store shifter
int valalt = 0;    // variable to store shifter
int joyx = 0;
int joyy = 0;

//define the symbols per key
char buttons[NUMROWS][NUMCOLS] = {
  {'q','w','e','r','t'},
  {'y','u','i','o','p'},
  {'a','s','d','f','g'},
  {'h','j','k','l','z'},
  {'x','c','v','b','n'},
};
// q-1 (star)      e-zoomin    r-prev t-up
// y-2 u-clearstar             o-open p-down
// a-3 (rate)      d-zoomreset f-full g-left
// h-4 j-clearrate             l-esc  z-right
// x-5 c-slideshow v=zoomout   b-next

//    14 16 10 9  8 
// 21 q  y  a  h  x  
// 20 w  u  s  j  c
// 19 e  i  d  k  v 
// 18 t  p  g  z  n
// 15 r  o  f  l  b 

byte rowPins[NUMROWS] = {16,20,19,18,15}; //connect to the row pinouts of the keypad
byte colPins[NUMCOLS] = {14,7,10,9,8}; //connect to the column pinouts of the keypad

//initialize an instance of class NewKeypad
Keypad buttbx = Keypad( makeKeymap(buttons), rowPins, colPins, NUMROWS, NUMCOLS); 


void setup() {

  Serial.begin(115200); // debug out baud
  pinMode(inPinctrl, INPUT);    // sets the digital pin 3 as input
  pinMode(inPinalt, INPUT);    // sets the digital pin 4 as input
  digitalWrite(inPinctrl, HIGH);       // turn on pullup resistors
  digitalWrite(inPinalt, HIGH);       // turn on pullup resistors
  Keyboard.begin();        // keyb starter
}



void loop() { // loop the program

  CheckAllButtons(); // check tha buttons

}


void CheckAllButtons(void) {
  joyx = analogRead(analog1);
  joyy = analogRead(analog2);
  Serial.println(joyx);
  Serial.println(joyy);
  if (joyx > 900) { 
      Keyboard.press(KEY_UP_ARROW);
      delay(150);
      Keyboard.releaseAll();
  }
  if (joyx < 200) { 
      Keyboard.press(KEY_DOWN_ARROW);
      delay(150);
      Keyboard.releaseAll();      
  }
  if (joyy > 900) { 
      Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_ARROW);
      delay(150);
      Keyboard.releaseAll();
  }
  if (joyy < 200) { 
      Keyboard.press(KEY_RIGHT_ARROW);
      delay(150);
      Keyboard.releaseAll();
  }

  
  char key = buttbx.getKey();

  if (key != NO_KEY)  {
      valctrl = digitalRead(inPinctrl);   // read the function pin
      valalt = digitalRead(inPinalt);   // read the function pin
      Serial.write(valctrl);  // debug
      Serial.println();  // enter
      Serial.write(valalt);  // debug
      Serial.println();  // enter
      Serial.write(key);  // debug
      Serial.println();  // enter
      // button 1 
          if (key == 'q') {
            if (valctrl == 0) { // function shifter active?
               Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_CTRL); 
            }
            if (valalt == 0) { // function shifter active?
               Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_ALT); 
            }
           Keyboard.press('1');
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
      // button 2
          if (key == 'y') {
            if (valctrl == 0) { // function shifter active?
               Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_CTRL); 
            }
            if (valalt == 0) { // function shifter active?
               Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_ALT); 
            }
           Keyboard.press('2');
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
      // button 3
          if (key == 'a') {
            if (valctrl == 0) { // function shifter active?
               Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_CTRL); 
            }
            if (valalt == 0) { // function shifter active?
               Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_ALT); 
            }
           Keyboard.press('3');
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
      // button 4
          if (key == 'h') {
            if (valctrl == 0) { // function shifter active?
               Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_CTRL); 
            }
            if (valalt == 0) { // function shifter active?
               Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_ALT); 
            }
           Keyboard.press('4');
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
      // button 5
          if (key == 'x') {
            if (valctrl == 0) { // function shifter active?
               Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_CTRL); 
            }
            if (valalt == 0) { // function shifter active?
               Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_ALT); 
            }
           Keyboard.press('5');
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
      // button i - clear rate
          if (key == 'i') {
           Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_CTRL); 
           Keyboard.press('0');
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
      // button k - clear label
          if (key == 'k') {
           Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_ALT); 
           Keyboard.press('0');
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
      // button v - slideshow
          if (key == 'v') {
           Keyboard.press(KEY_ESC); 
           Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_CTRL); 
           Keyboard.press('s');
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
      // button t - zoomin
          if (key == 't') {
           Keyboard.press('+'); 
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
      // button g - zoomreset
          if (key == 'g') {
           Keyboard.press('*');
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
      // button n - zoomout
          if (key == 'n') {
           Keyboard.press('-'); 
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
//r  o  f  l  b
      // button r - prev
          if (key == 'r') {
           Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_CTRL); 
           Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_ARROW); 
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
           
      // button o - open
          if (key == 'o') {
           Keyboard.press(KEY_RETURN); 
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
           
      // button f - full
          if (key == 'f') {
           Keyboard.press('f'); 
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
           
      // button l - esc
          if (key == 'l') {
           Keyboard.press(KEY_ESC); 
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
           
      // button b - next
          if (key == 'b') {
           Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_CTRL); 
           Keyboard.press(KEY_RIGHT_ARROW); 
           delay(150);
           Keyboard.releaseAll();
          }
           





          
  }
}

Pressure Lab

For measuring pressure in fermentation containers, I designed a pressure sensor which could be wireless connected to a fermentation container.
The sensor would transmit the values to a Raspberry which was configured as a Access Point and would store the measurements and generated graphs using Grafana.

Raspberry with RealtimeClock
RTC on raspberry

3D printed holder, designed in blender. Holds battery prints and has little handle to lift from container

Nodes config:

Esp configuration, connect with micro-usb
Flashing with linux

esptool.py -p /dev/ttyUSB0  write_flash 0x00000  ESP_Easy_mega-20190311_normal_ESP8266_4M.bin

Make a connection with the ESP Access point

Connect esp with a power source.
Look for a AP with ESP_Easy_0

Use password “configesp” to connect

Start you browser and enter http://192.168.4.1

In wifi wizard setup select “pressurespot”
Enter password “pressurespot”

Press connect

Wait 20s and look in the raspberry logs which IP the ESP got.

Connect laptop/mobile to wifi “pressurespot”and connect

Enter found IP from ESP in your browser.

Proceed to main config

Main setting table, set the following

  • Unit name & number + append
  • SSID and WPA key pressurespot
  • Client IP block level allow all
  • Press submit

Press controller tab

Press first edit button and set following
– Protocol: domoticz http
Next set
– Controller IP : 10.42.0.1
– Toggle enabled and press submit

Resulting in:

Next we got to Hardware

I2C interface switch GPIO-4 and GPIO-5

  • GPIO – SDA: GPIO-4 (D2) change to GPIO-5 (D1)
  • GPIO – SCL: GPIO-5 (D1) change to GPIO-4 (D2)
  • Press “Submit”

Devices TAB

Press edit, and select device “Environment – BMx280” from the pulldown menu.

Next, set the following

  • Name: pressure
  • Enable on
  • I2C address : 0x76 ( Is there is no 0x76 of 0x77 .. do a i2c scan on the next tab )
  • Send to controller , mark this
  • IDX: give this the number you had given this node (this is the one you have to use in domoticz )
  • interval 10Seconds
  • and press submit

In the Devices tab, you should be able to see the sensor with the values (Temperature and pressure)

No values? Do a i2c scan and/or reboot ESP ( You can find these in the tools tab)

Tools TAB

Press I2C scan, when seeing a address like 0x76 or 0x77 use this in previous tabs.
Still nothing, even after reboot? Maybe faulty hardware?

Everything okay? Back to the config tab

We are going to set the sleep mode.
Warning ! .. when setting this it is hard to get into the config pages again.
ESP will startup, connect to wifi, send values and goes to sleep again.

At the bottom set: Sleep awake time 1 sec

Buttons on the raspberry / pressurespot

Red button :

  • Less than 3 seconds is reboot
  • Longer than 3 seconds is shut down
    • Charger can be removed, when the green light is off

Led lights on the sensors

  • Red light (R2; constant): battery is charging
  • Blue light (R1; constant): battery is full
  • Blue light (R1; constant) & red light (R2; blinking): trying to charge, but no battery connected

Add shutdown script to /etc/rc.local

python /usr/local/bin/power-switch.py &amp;

/usr/local/bin/power-switch.py

#!/usr/bin/python
import threading, subprocess
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
def shutdown():
    subprocess.call('sudo shutdown -h now', shell=True)
def edge_detected(pin):
    if GPIO.input(pin):
        t.cancel()
        subprocess.call('sudo reboot', shell=True)
    else:
        t.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
        GPIO.setup(5, GPIO.IN)
        GPIO.add_event_detect(5, GPIO.BOTH, callback=edge_detected, bouncetime=10)
        t = threading.Timer(3.0, shutdown)
        while True:
            pass
    finally:
        GPIO.cleanup()

/usr/local/bin/ledoff.py

#!/usr/bin/python
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
GPIO.setup(18,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(18,GPIO.LOW)

/usr/local/bin/ledon.py

#!/usr/bin/python
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
GPIO.setup(18,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(18,GPIO.HIGH)

nmcli device wifi hotspot ssid pressurespot password pressurespot

 /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Hotspot-1

[connection]
id=Hotspot-1
uuid=c2c05528-63f9-44c7-93ce-264187a45086
type=wifi
permissions=
timestamp=1553708934

[wifi]
hidden=true
mac-address=B8:27:EB:7F:D5:E7
mac-address-blacklist=
mode=ap
seen-bssids=B8:27:EB:7F:D5:E7;
ssid=pressurespot

[wifi-security]
group=ccmp;
key-mgmt=wpa-psk
pairwise=ccmp;
proto=rsn;
psk=pressurespot

[ipv4]
dns-search=
method=shared

[ipv6]
addr-gen-mode=stable-privacy
dns-search=
method=ignore

/usr/bin/servicecheck.sh (in rc.local and crontab root user – every minute

#!/bin/bash
nmcli connection show  | grep "Hotspot-1           c2c05528-63f9-44c7-93ce-264187a45086  802-11-wireless  wlan0" &gt;/dev/null &amp;&amp; touch /tmp/wlan || rm -f /tmp/wlan
for f in influx domoticz telegraf grafana mosquitto ; do
pgrep $f &gt;/dev/null &amp;&amp; touch /tmp/$f || rm -f /tmp/$f
done
count=$(ls  /tmp/influx /tmp/domoticz /tmp/telegraf /tmp/grafana /tmp/mosquitto /tmp/wlan | wc -l)
if [ $count -eq 6 ]  ; then
/usr/local/bin/ledon.py
exit 0
fi

for timer in {1..10} ; do
/usr/local/bin/ledon.py
sleep 1

/usr/local/bin/ledoff.py
sleep 1
done

Rest services to be installed on Raspberry

At the moment the raspberry uses domoticz between the Mqtt broker (Mosquitto) and the database (Influx)
Data wil be displayed using grafana.

tail -f /var/log/syslog shows which ip to which ESP
DHCPACK(wlan0) 10.42.0.104 cc:50:e3:c4:96:61 lab-
DHCPACK(wlan0) 10.42.0.181 cc:50:e3:c4:8d:73 lab-4
DHCPACK(wlan0) 10.42.0.186 cc:50:e3:c4:9b:ef lab-1

Configuring the raspberry

Install influx and grafana

First we add Influx repositories to apt:

wget -qO- https://repos.influxdata.com/influxdb.key | sudo apt-key add -
source /etc/os-release
echo "deb https://repos.influxdata.com/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdb.list

Update apt with the new repo & install.

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y influxdb

Then start the influxdb service and set it to run at boot:

sudo systemctl enable influxdb --now

Again we need to add the Grafana packages to apt:

wget -q -O - https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list

We can now update and install the binaries:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y grafana

Then simply enable the service and set to run at boot:

sudo systemctl enable grafana-server.service --now

Now we can check that grafana is up by loading it in a browser: http://10.42.0.1:3000. If so, you can log in with the username and password = admin and set a new admin password.

Install mosquitto

sudo apt install mosquitto mosquitto-clients

Install domoticz using below command

<code><strong>curl -sSL install.domoticz.com | sudo bash</strong></code>

Under hardware add MQTT server adress 127.0.0.1

Add virtual sensors to domoticz.

Click hardware and create virtual sensor, lab with sensornumber. Sensor type is Temp+Baro.

When looking at devices you will see the virtual devices.

Here you can see if data is coming from the ESP’s

Pushing the data into Influxdb:

Goto settings > more options > data push > influxdb

Add temperature

  • Device name: lab* (lab plus unit number)
  • Value to send: temperature
  • Target type: direct (NOTE screenshot below is wrong)
  • press add

Add barometer

  • Device name: lab* (lab plus unit number)
  • Value to send: Barometer
  • Target type: direct (NOTE screenshot below is wrong)
  • press add

Configure Grafana

Go with your browser to http://10.42.0.1 when connected to the rpi access point

Goto settings and data sources, add influxdb with source http://localhost:8086
Goto dashboard and create a new one.

Data source is influx, select A Barometer
And the IDX that was used in configuring the ESP
Axes: Units in millibars, above example had temperature, for both Baro and Temp in one graph.
Select null value as connected

TODO

Telegraf/mosquito
Services in domoticz
Rpi status display
Sensor test / monitor