Tested my MSDOS XT machine using a pc diagnostics card.
But i could not find much information about this card.
Anyone recognise this one?
Tag Archives: hardware
6502 update
- New amplifier part using a LM386
- Buzzer and led on VIA 2, blinky and sound timed by the internal timers of the 6522
- ACIA testing still going on, writing software
- Mini matrix keyboard removed, and used the temporary cursor buttons for the test with a rom which allows for a 8bits upload method using a arduino and the 6522. (I’m working on the big keyboard)
Work in progress code
PORT2B = $5000 ; VIA PORTB PORT2A = $5001 ; VIA PORTA DDR2B = $5002 ; Data direction register DDR2A = $5003 ; Data direction register PORTB = $6000 ; display PORTA = $6001 ; control display + matrix keyboard DDRB = $6002 ; data direction register DDRA = $6003 ; data direction register SID = $7000 ; sid base address E = %10000000 ; enable bit RW = %01000000 ; RW bit RS = %00100000 ; Register Select bit HOME = %00000010 ; VIA PORTB HOME command DADDR = %00010000 ; VIA DADDRESS LINENO = $0200 ; temp address linenumber (move to other location) NEXTLINE = 40 ; 2x16 Chars but internally 40 .org $8000 reset: ldx #$ff txs ; reset stack ; ################################################### ; # DISPLAY CONTROL # ; ################################################### ; VIA Setup lda #%11111111 ; Set all pins on port B to output sta DDRB lda #%11100000 ; Set top 3 pins on port A to output sta DDRA ; DISPLAY Setup lda #%00111000 ; Set 8-bit mode; 2-line display; 5x8 font jsr lcd_instruction lda #%00001110 ; Display on; cursor on; blink off jsr lcd_instruction lda #%00000110 ; Increment and shift cursor; don't shift display jsr lcd_instruction lda #$00000001 ; Clear display jsr lcd_instruction ; ################################################### ; # PRINT MESSAGE LINE NO 0 # ; ################################################### lda #0 ; set line number sta LINENO ; store for subroutine jsr gotoline ; move cursor ldx #0 ; message index pointer print: lda message0,x ; start of message beq nextprint ; stop when null in message (asciiz <- Zero padded) jsr print_char ; print char inx ; incr index jmp print ; resume print ; ################################################### ; # PRINT MESSAGE LINE NO 1 # ; ################################################### nextprint: lda #1 ; set line number sta LINENO ; store jsr gotoline ldx #0 ; index pointer print2: lda message1,x ; absolute address message + x in A beq sidsound ; if x is 0, end of message jsr print_char ; jump subroutine inx ; increment x jmp print2 ; loop print2 ; ################################################### ; # SID SOUND # ; ################################################### sidsound: lda #0 sta SID+$5 ; attack/decay duration lda #250 sta SID+$6 ; sustain level/release duration lda #$95 ; frequency voice 1 low byte sta SID+$0 lda #$44 ; frequency voice 1 high byte sta SID+$1 lda #%00100001 ; sawtooth + gate sta SID+$4 ; control register voice 1 lda #$0f ; filter mode and volume (bits 3-0 main volume) sta SID+$18 ; filter mode and volume ; ################################################### ; # 2ND VIA # ; ################################################### lda #%11111111 ; set port A output sta DDR2A lda #%11111111 ; all ones! sta PORT2A ; ################################################### lda #%11111111 ; set port A output sta DDR2A lda #%11111111 ; all ones! sta PORT2A ; ################################################### ; # MAIN PROGRAM LOOP # ; ################################################### loop: jmp loop ; 1234567812345678 message0: .asciiz "VIA 1,2 SID TEST" message1: .asciiz " FASH 2022 " ; ################################################### ; # ONLY SUBROUTINES # ; ################################################### ; ################################################### ; # Subroutine gotoline # ; # Moves character placement position on display # ; # Needs : $LINENO ADDRESS # ; # Exit values : - # ; # Destroys registers: - # ; ################################################### gotoline: pha ; store a txa pha ; store x ldx LINENO lda #HOME ; cursor down jsr lcd_instruction lda #$80 nextline: ldx LINENO cpx #00 beq endnextlines loopline: adc #40 jsr lcd_instruction dex stx LINENO jmp nextline endnextlines: pla ; pop a tax ; a to x pla ; pop a rts ; ################################################### ; # LCD SUBROUTINES # ; ################################################### lcd_wait: pha lda #%00000000 ; Port B is input sta DDRB lcdbusy: lda #RW sta PORTA lda #(RW | E) sta PORTA lda PORTB and #%10000000 bne lcdbusy lda #RW sta PORTA lda #%11111111 ; Port B is output sta DDRB pla rts lcd_instruction: jsr lcd_wait sta PORTB lda #0 ; Clear RS/RW/E bits sta PORTA lda #E ; Set E bit to send instruction sta PORTA lda #0 ; Clear RS/RW/E bits sta PORTA rts print_char: jsr lcd_wait sta PORTB lda #RS ; Set RS; Clear RW/E bits sta PORTA lda #(RS | E) ; Set E bit to send instruction sta PORTA lda #RS ; Clear E bits sta PORTA rts nmi: rti irq: rti .org $fffa .word nmi .word reset .word irq ; .word $0000
So i wasn’t being stupid designing a dual matrix keyboard thingy
As previously posted, i had an idea to create a dual matrix keyboard mashup using available components.
I mentioned that “it should theoretically work”. But only being using atf22v10c for a couple of days. It was a long shot.
I’ve put it to the test .. and it worked first time.
I can use above, to connect my extended matrix keyboard to a 6522 VIA chip using 5 pins and sending a data available signal to CA1.
Generic matrix keyboard
In this case designed for my 6502, but it is a generic setup.
I it just a dual 16key matrix decoder merged together. You can probably use this with raspberries, arduinos etc.
I wanted to use 74C923 but these are nowhere to be found. And even then, the number of keys wil be 20.
So i am tying together two 74C922 using some logic in a PLD.
It wil be something like above. Using the data availabe signal i can combine both 16key matrixes. (In theory .. it is all untested)
PLD Code
GAL22V10 Address Decoder PHI2 DA0 DA1 D01 D02 D03 D04 D11 D12 D13 D14 GND NC D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 DA NC NC NC NC VCC DA = DA0 + DA1 D0 = D01 & DA0 + D11 & DA1 D1 = D02 & DA0 + D12 & DA1 D2 = D03 & DA0 + D13 & DA1 D3 = D04 & DA0 + D14 & DA1 D4 = DA1 DESCRIPTION Key matrix merger
I’ve got my new keys of the keyboard in today!
- 0-F – hex keys
- G = Go
- R = Reset
- S = Step
- M = Memory
- Cursor keys (up/down for memory locations)
- ??? I’ve got room for 8 more keys
My inkscape template (keys are 10/10mm)
Printed on white and red paper
https://media.henriaanstoot.nl/keyboardmatrix.svg
6502 Update
New address decoder in place!
Connected RAM/ROM/SID/VIA1/VIA2 and ACIA
ROM | 8000-FFFF |
SID | 7000-700F (sound) |
VIA1 | 6000-60xx (Hex key matrix) |
ACIA | 6800-68xx (serial) |
VIA2 | 5000-50xx (led test at the moment) |
RAM | 0000-3FFF |
To plan: Bigger maxtrix keyboard and other displays
Got a serial connection working between the 6502 and my linux machine!


At the moment when a reset occurs , hello is being printed.
Text typed in the minicom terminal, is echo-ed back and displayed on the LCD display.
Things learned: Do not trust internet schematics blindly!
The crystal used for the ACIA (pin 6/7 1.8432Mhz needs a 1M ohm resistor parallel over the crystal, and a 30nF capacitor from pin 7 to GND
When using a terminal emulator, and using 3 wires. Disable hardware handshake.
What didn“t work as planned:
New amplifier schematic for the SID. There is too much noise.

Bought a dual power supply (5V and 12V). But this one has a lot of signal noise on the SID part and even my battlestation speakers!
LED test 2nd via
PORTB = $5000 ; VIA PORTB PORTA = $5001 ; VIA PORTA DDRB = $5002 ; Data direction register DDRA = $5003 ; Data direction register LED = %10000000 .org $8000 reset: lda #%11100000 ; Set top 3 pins on port A to output sta DDRA lda LED sta PORTA loop: ; done loop until doomsday jmp loop irq: nmi: .org $fffa .word nmi .word reset .word irq
ACIA part
ACIA_RX = $6800 ACIA_TX = $6800 ACIA_STATUS = $6801 ACIA_COMMAND = $6802 ACIA_CONTROL = $6803 lda #$00 sta ACIA_STATUS lda #$0b sta ACIA_COMMAND lda #$1f sta ACIA_CONTROL
Address decoder in a ATF22V10
Whereas i needed to use several logical components to make a address decoder, below i only need one!
cat addressdecoder-fash.PLD
ATF22V10 (GAL22V10)
Address Decoder
PHI2 A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 GND
xx xx RAM ROM SID ACIA VIA1 VIA2 DEV0 DEV1 BANK VCC
/RAM = PHI2 * /A15 * /A14
/ROM = A15 * BANK
/SID = /A15 * A14 * A13 * A12
/VIA1 = /A15 * A14 * A13 * /A12 * /A11
/ACIA = /A15 * A14 * A13 * /A12 * A11
/VIA2 = /A15 * A14 * /A13 * A12
/DEV0 = A15 * /BANK
DESCRIPTION
Address decoder
galasm addressdecoder-fash.PLD # Generates below file which i can flash into the PLD
cat addressdecoder-fash.jed
Used Program: GALasm 2.1
GAL-Assembler: GALasm 2.1
Device: GAL22V10
*F0
*G0
*QF5892
*L0924 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
*L0968 11100111111111111111111111111111111111111111
*L1496 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
*L1540 11111011011110110111111111111111111111111111
*L2156 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
*L2200 11111011011101111011101111111111111111111111
*L2904 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
*L2948 11111011011101111011011111111111111111111111
*L3652 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
*L3696 11111011011101110111111111111111111111111111
*L4312 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
*L4356 11010111111111111111111111111111111111111111
*L4884 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
*L4928 01111011101111111111111111111111111111111111
*L5808 01000101010101010100
*L5828 0100000101100100011001000111001001100101011100110111001100100000
*C50fa
*
b734
So one chip replaces schematic below!
Programming ATF22V10 PLD – 7 Segment with Linux
The ATF22V10 is a Programmable Logic Device. This means you can program the logic in the chip.
Internally it looks like a big matrix of connections which you can program to connect/disconnect from certain logic.
It has just a bunch of inputs/outputs
So if we want to have a 7 Segment decoder (you can easily buy a BCD decoder .. but these only work for displaying 0-9 and not 0-9A-F for displaying HEX numbers)
Binary IN | 7 Segment decoded | Displays |
D C B A | A B C D E F G | |
0 0 0 0 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 | 0 |
0 0 0 1 | 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 |
0 0 1 0 | 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 | 2 |
0 0 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 | 3 |
0 1 0 0 | 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 | 4 |
0 1 0 1 | 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 | 5 |
0 1 1 0 | 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 | 6 |
0 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 | 7 |
1 0 0 0 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 8 |
1 0 0 1 | 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 | 9 |
1 0 1 0 | 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 | A |
1 0 1 1 | 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 | B |
1 1 0 0 | 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 | C |
1 1 0 1 | 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 | D |
1 1 1 0 | 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 | E |
1 1 1 1 | 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 | F |
Now we see that segment A is 1 in the case of (0,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,A,C,E,F)
When programming the PLD we can write that as: (note / means inverted a plus is OR, and * is AND)
So A is 0 in case of input being (1,4,B,D)
/QA = /D1 * /C1 * /B1 * A1
+ /D1 * C1 * /B1 * /A1
+ D1 * /C1 * B1 * A1
+ D1 * C1 * /B1 * A1
Complete code for galasm
Compiling and burning
GAL22V10 7SEGMENT Clock D1 C1 B1 A1 D2 C2 B2 A2 NC NC GND /OE NC NC NC QG QF QE QD QC QB QA VCC /QA = /D1 * /C1 * /B1 * A1 + /D1 * C1 * /B1 * /A1 + D1 * /C1 * B1 * A1 + D1 * C1 * /B1 * A1 /QB= /D1 * C1 * /B1 * A1 + /D1 * C1 * B1 * /A1 + D1 * /C1 * B1 * A1 + D1 * C1 * /B1 * /A1 + D1 * C1 * B1 * /A1 + D1 * C1 * B1 * A1 /QC = /D1 * /C1 * B1 * /A1 + D1 * C1 * /B1 * /A1 + D1 * C1 * B1 * /A1 + D1 * C1 * B1 * A1 /QD= /D1 * /C1* /B1 * A1 + /D1 * C1 * /B1 * /A1 + /D1 * C1 * B1 * A1 + D1 * /C1 * B1 * /A1 + D1 * C1 * B1 * A1 /QE = /D1 * /C1 * /B1 * A1 + /D1 * /C1 * B1 * A1 + /D1 * C1 * /B1 * /A1 + /D1 * C1 * /B1 * A1 + /D1 * C1 * B1 * A1 + D1 * /C1 * /B1 * A1 /QF = /D1 * /C1 * /B1 * A1 + /D1 * /C1 * B1 * /A1 + /D1 * /C1 * B1 * A1 + /D1 * C1 * B1 * A1 + D1 * C1 * /B1 * A1 /QG = /D1 * /C1 * /B1 * /A1 + /D1 * /C1 * /B1 * A1 + /D1 * C1 * B1 * A1 + D1 * C1 * /B1 * /A1 DESCRIPTION A 7 segment hex decoder
galasm 7seghex.gal
minipro -p ATF22V10CQZ -w 7seghex.jed
minipro -p ATF22V10CQZ -w 7seghex.jed Found TL866II+ 04.2.129 (0x281) Warning: Firmware is newer than expected. Expected 04.2.128 (0x280) Found 04.2.129 (0x281) VPP=12V Warning! JED file doesn't match the selected device! Declared fuse checksum: 0x98D5 Calculated: 0x98D5 ... OK Declared file checksum: 0x40B3 Calculated: 0x41A8 ... Mismatch! JED file parsed OK Use -P to skip write protect Erasing... 0.33Sec OK Writing jedec file... 5.01Sec OK Reading device... 0.32Sec OK Writing lock bit... 0.35Sec OK Verification failed at address 0x16C6: File=0x01, Device=0x00 < ------------------ Gives error, but burning seems okay henri@zspot:~/projects/galasm$ minipro -p ATF22V10CQZ -r 7seghex.out Found TL866II+ 04.2.129 (0x281) Warning: Firmware is newer than expected. Expected 04.2.128 (0x280) Found 04.2.129 (0x281) Reading device... 0.32Sec OK Gives all zeros as output, but device works!


Address decoding with split IO
Made a simulation of my new address decoder.
It uses a 74LS138 and a bunch of NAND gates.
You can safe using 4 NAND gates if you are not going to use split IO
Address | ||
8000-FFFF | ROM | ROM |
7000-7FFF | Sound chip | SID |
6000-6FFF | Display + cursor | VIA1 |
5000-5FFF | Keymatrix | VIA2 |
4800-4FFF | split io | IO |
4000-47FF | split io | IO – ACIA |
0000-3FFF | Uses clock | RAM |
UPDATE: Found some 74LS139, so i could have changed some things around.
Try it over here:
Eurocards
UPDATE 20240927 PCBs are in
I found some stuff while sorting out some old computer stuff.
Way back, when my Amiga was my main computer, i wanted to make my own version. A modular one.
So i started to segmentize the amiga, to put it on several exchangeable cards.
Eurocards are standardized prints 150mm x 100mm, mostly with a DIN41612 connector.
When you make modules you can change/upgrade/test, you can have a very easy interchangeable system using a backplane like this
So i started planning those modules:
- CPU – 68000 but upgradeable to 68030 or alike
- Memory – With expansion
- Sound
- Video
- More IO possibilities
- Keyboard (see more at the bottom of this page)
I had a nice case which could hold a big backplane, custom powersupply. And a front panel containing drives, leds and knobs. (I know i have more info on this somewhere on my fileserver)
A nice example picture i found on danceswithferrets website
I never finished this project.
I used Tech Manuals and print layouts to understand how things where done.
I started to draw the modules like they where placed on the print on semi transparent (chalk)paper, the kind of paper that was used for electronic and mechanic diagrams.



UPDATE 20240927 PCBs are in

Selling a lot of my computer collection
UPDATE : Bought after selling these
The last days i’ve been selling a lot of my old computers.
They have been in my collection for many years, but now its time to part.
Time for others to enjoy them.
(Instead of posting which ones are being sold and which i’ve still got on this page i’ll make another post)
I started collecting when i studied computer sciences.
It’s a wonder my parents attic wasn’t collapsing.
(They let me store many computers on their attic, let me run a mainframe in the house (previous post) and let me have computer-parties (pre-lan) in their home. (They even left, and gave me the space) .. 15+ teens with computers … there was a pingpong table in the livingroom (besides the other tables in the house ) For all computers.
Then i’ve got even more, when living on my own. (At some point about 140. )
A few years later i got rid of uninteresting computers (to my taste at that time) and incomplete ones. Then i filtered-out the non working.
Still leaving with a lot of computers, i kept these for many years.
Now i only want the ones i’ve worked with, or are special to me.
My first computer was a Commodore Vic-20. Friends had the popular C64. So i kept 2 of both.
In Junior Technical School i’ve used the BBC Acorn a lot (Funny story below)
My then friend Richard had a Atari ST, loads of fun we had with that machine, so i’m keeping a Atari 1040STf.
Another friend used a Apple SE, so that one i also keep for now.
I’ve been programming a lot on 80×86, the first dos PC’s, i’m still looking for a old machine (Laser XT) which i used way back then. But for now i’ve got a Sinclair PC200.
I’ll keep a old Commodore PET 2001, because its cute.
Besides having a cute PET, i’ve got a Holborn System. Made in Holland (Enschede), there are only a few left according to some sites: only 200 made! (Holborn means Holland Born) One of the inventors was from Holten, my birthplace. (Polak)


At school we kept a list of everyone’s collection.
Soo .. the story about the BBC Acorn.
When i was at school outside study hours, i went to the computer lab.
This was one classroom with about 16 BBC Acorns and a master (teacher station). When they saw how enthusiastic i was, i got the key to the classroom. I even got access to the master system. And after a little hacking i’ve gained access to the teachers files.
There was a simple network system, i think it was called Econet.
The teachers system was the only one with a disk station.
I liked the ‘highres’ line graphics you could make on the machines. (640×256)
So i’ve wrote a lot of programs using this mode.
I even wrote a program which drew a 3D robotarm on screen using wireframe graphics.
At that time my mathematics scores where .. bad.
Wasn’t interested i think.
But drawing 3D robotic arms are not possible using mathematics, like using sinus, triangulary etcetera.
So when my mathematics teacher saw my program, he didn’t believe me.
So .. fooling around in the computer lab, i missed start of classes. And later on .. worse .. i almost was not allowed to do my final exams.
I was late several times (and one of the first to leave, …. straight from and to the computer lab. )
I’ve got some programs printed on paper, i will use my leftover BBC Acorn (or a emulator) to capture some screen examples.
Sold stuff
UPDATE : Selling a lot, but i’ve bought some others between 2020-2023
- SDK-85
- Laser Xt/3
- 80386 DX
Also a “new” 1084 monitor (CRT for a Commodore 64)
Now i have to look for a VGA Crt to get old vga-register manipulation programs working.