Tag Archives: programming

DIY 6502 – VIC (Versatile Interface Adapter)

65c22 connected, new data, and address-bus ribboncables!

First led on Register B blinking!

Notes:
Temporary display wil be 2×16 Chars.
Ram in place, but not connected (is emulated by the Arduino Mega at the moment)
Rom is somewhere halfway the atlantic ocean .. still waiting on that one.
Ben Eatons clock module is disconnected, i’m using the Arduino as programmable clock right now.
(There wil be a little display and a rotary encoder to set clock speed.)

lda #$ff ; all bits
sta $6002 ; set direction (out) for B register
lda #$80 ; set 1 bit
sta $6000 ; set register B
lda #$00 ; reset bit
sta $6000 ; set register B
jmp $8005 ; jmp to bit set part

MCH2022 Badge

Almost … friday will be the day i’ll attend May Contain Hackers.
Besides the awesome villages and talks.

UPDATE: 20220727
UPDATE: 20220812

You get a hackable badge, this one is more amazing as previous versions.

I can’t wait to have a go at this cool gadget. I personally could do without the pcb fancy design.

  • Espressif ESP32 Wrover-E with 16MB of flash storage and paired with 8MB of PSRAM, for front-end badge computing and compatibility with the badge.team ecosystem back to the 2017 SHA badge.
  • Lattice ICE40UP5K FPGA for hardware-accelerated graphics and user FPGA hardware designs.
  • Raspberry Pi RP2040 for advanced USB communication and board management.
  • 2Ah LiPo battery to give you a full day of fun on a charge.
  • 16-bit DAC with stereo output to headphone socket, onboard mono speaker.
  • ILI9341 2.2 inch TFT display with a 240 by 320 pixel resolution.
  • Bosch BNO055 orientation sensor.
  • Bosch BME680 environmental sensor.
  • The usual array of addressable LEDs.
  • SAO and Qwiic expansion connectors, FPGA PMOD expansion, plus onboard prototyping area.

Downloadable apps, micro python, Arduino ide programming.
All kinds of GPIO pins, leds buttons, sound.
Check out https://hatchery.badge.team/

You can play with this virtually here!
https://wokwi.com/projects/335445228923126356

So much potential! Great start for a DIY project.

I won’t post about the workings, thats all well documented online.
I shall post about the hacks/findings i personally did.

UPDATE: 20220727
Made a micropython program to keep your NameTag level to the ground (Better version)

UPDATE: 20220812

Someone made a 8bit logic analyser using the pmod connector !

C64/6502 and Assembly

I’ve used a basic program on C64 in the past and a Cartridge machinecode monitor in the past.
I’ve really forgotten how, what i’ve used and what i’ve done with it.
Not nearly as much as my friends at that time.
I started with a Vic-20 and played around with machinecode on a 6502.
I didn’t have a C64 for many years.

I’ve recently started to build a 6502 computer again, and programming on 65xx again (Generic 6502 and C64). (2022)

Below is my setup on linux, to write assembly code, compiling and running the code in a emulator.

I have installed the Acme compiler and Vice as a emulator.
Both can compile/run machinecode for multiple computer emulations. So maybe i can run my old Vic-20 machine code or the few C64 programs i’ve written.

I’ve only made the bash script, the included asm files i copied from someone on the internet. ( Credit lookup )

makeprg bash file:

#!/bin/bash
set -x
f=""
if [ "$2" == "f" ] ; then f="-fullscreen" ; fi 
if [ ! -f $1.asm ] ; then
cp template.asm $1.asm
fi
vi $1.asm
acme --cpu 6510 --format cbm --outfile $1.prg $1.asm
if [ ! $? -eq 0 ] ; then exit 1 ; fi 
c1541 -format foo,id d64 $1.d64 -write $1.prg
if [ ! $? -eq 0 ] ; then exit 1 ; fi 
x64 $f $1.prg 

template.asm

!source "basic-boot.asm"

+start_at $0900

; Set background and border to black
ldx #$00
stx bgcol
stx bocol

; Flicker border and background
.loop
  inc bgcol
  inc bocol
  jmp .loop

basic-boot.asm

; A BASIC booter, encodes `10 SYS <address>`.
; Macroified from http://www.pouet.net/topic.php?which=6541

!source "constants.asm"

!macro start_at .address {
  * = basic
  !byte $0c,$08,$00,$00,$9e
  !if .address >= 10000 { !byte 48 + ((.address / 10000) % 10) }
  !if .address >=  1000 { !byte 48 + ((.address /  1000) % 10) }
  !if .address >=   100 { !byte 48 + ((.address /   100) % 10) }
  !if .address >=    10 { !byte 48 + ((.address /    10) % 10) }
  !byte $30 + (.address % 10), $00, $00, $00
  * = .address
}

; A cooler example is to write
;
;   10 SYS <address>: REM <backspaces>Your comment
;
; When the user types LIST, he will just see
;
;   10 Your comment
;
; but still be able to run it.
; For this, see http://codebase64.org/doku.php?id=base:acme-macro-tu

When running above bash script. it will open the file if it exists, else it will take a template file.
After opening it with vi, and editing it, it starts a the compiler and creates a C64 d64 disk.
This is going to be autorun/started with the VIce emulator.
Appending -f to the bash script will start it in fullscreen mode.
./makeprg myawesomedemo.asm -f

Below it is running without the fullscreen option. but is shows how to start the interactive monitor in vice.

  • n – step x instructions
    n 100
  • m monitor
(C:$103e) m
>C:103e  cd 12 d0 d0  fb a2 00 bd  5c 10 bc 79  10 88 d0 fd   ........\..y....
>C:104e  8d 20 d0 8d  21 d0 e8 e0  1d d0 ec 4c  81 ea 06 00   . ..!......L....
>C:105e  0e 06 0e 0e  03 0e 03 03  01 03 01 01  01 01 03 01   ................
>C:106e  03 03 0e 03  0e 0e 06 0e  00 06 00 07  09 09 09 09   ................
>C:107e  09 09 09 07  09 09 09 09  09 09 09 07  09 09 09 09   ................
>C:108e  09 09 09 07  09 09 09 09  00 00 00 00  ff ff ff ff   ................
>C:109e  00 00 00 00  ff ff ff ff  00 00 00 00  ff ff ff ff   ................
>C:10ae  00 00 00 00  ff ff ff ff  00 00 00 00  ff ff ff ff   ................
>C:10be  00 00 00 00  ff ff ff ff  00 00 00 00  ff ff ff ff   ................
(C:$10ce) 
  • d -assemble
(C:$1041) d 1000
.C:1000  78          SEI
.C:1001  A5 00       LDA $00
.C:1003  8A          TXA
.C:1004  98          TYA
.C:1005  8D 20 D0    STA $D020
.C:1008  8D 21 D0    STA $D021
.C:100b  A0 7F       LDY #$7F
.C:100d  8C 0D DC    STY $DC0D
.C:1010  8C 0D DD    STY $DD0D
.C:1013  AD 0D DC    LDA $DC0D
.C:1016  AD 0D DD    LDA $DD0D
.C:1019  A9 01       LDA #$01
.C:101b  8D 1A D0    STA $D01A
.C:101e  A9 39       LDA #$39
.C:1020  A2 10       LDX #$10
.C:1022  8D 14 03    STA $0314
.C:1025  8E 15 03    STX $0315

Etc .. see https://vice-emu.sourceforge.io/vice_12.html

Photo manager addition using ML!

A few years ago i wrote a photo manager .. again .. ( see post about my first previous photo manager )
It is a web gui to find photos in my huge photo archive.
I manually added 190k tags to 120k photos in 20+ years.

I thought wouldn’t it be nice if i can generate additional metadata using Machine Learning. A few years ago i did some testing and followed a podcast and free course about machine learning.

So today i started to implement a addition to my gui. Machine recognition tags!

It already kinda works.

Things to do :

  • Make it a background job, my fileserver doesn’t run Tensorflow on a GPU, so it is slooow
  • Embed in existing GUI and stats
  • Design a editor to remove wrong tags

Below a part of ML images

Command to get a thumbnail sheet with only directory names:

montage -verbose -units PixelsPerInch -density 300 -tile 7x6 -label "%d" -font Arial -pointsize 6 -background "#FFFFFF" -fill "black" -define jpeg:size=253x154 -geometry 253x154+2+2 -auto-orient */*.JPG -title "ML Thumbs" thumbsheet.jpg

Maybe, i can use debug output like below.

['lakeside, lakeshore (score = 0.47934)', 'seashore, coast, seacoast, sea-coast (score = 0.11385)', 'sandbar, sand bar (score = 0.08822)', 'breakwater, groin, groyne, mole, bulwark, seawall, jetty (score = 0.06281)', 'valley, vale (score = 0.01790)', '']

Scraping podcast which uses a javascript to obfuscate mp3 links

wget-ting the page only gave me flat html, but no readable links.

We need the rendered version, phantomjs wil help

wget https://bitbucket.org/ariya/phantomjs/downloads/phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64.tar.bz2

printsource.js

var system = require('system');
var page   = require('webpage').create();
var url    = system.args[1];
page.open(url, function () {
  console.log(page.content);
  phantom.exit();
});

Run phantomjs

phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64/bin/phantomjs printsource.js  https://xxxxxxxx/show/xxxx > out

So now i got the rendered page, get mp3’s and titles, for this example

cat out | sed 'N;s/\n/,/' | cut -f2,7 -d\" | while read line ; do
mp3=$( echo $line | cut -f1 -d\")
title=$( echo $line | cut -f3 -d\&gt; | tr -d '/&lt;&gt;[]]\!,;' | tr -d "'" | sed s/CDATA//g | sed s#title##g | sed s/:/-/g )
echo "$mp3 $title"
wget $mp3 -O "$title.mp3"
done

bash downloadscript
done

Mqtt Bash Nodered Notify

When running scripts which take a long time, i don’t want to wait for things to finish before i can start the next one.

For example, using my dedup script or compiling stuff. I wanna know when it is finished.

So i made some scripts

Maybe you can hear the spoken text in the background playing downstairs

I’ve put a function in .bashrc, so i can use a command like
notify “Compiling is ready”
A command like this i can put at the end of a command or in a script file at the end.
make && make install && notify “compile ready”

What does it do when executed?

  • Send a mqtt message to the broker
  • Node-red will read this message and:
    • Send a message to my display on my desk – Sound and message notification. (See another post how i made this )
    • Send a message to a script on my Domoticz instance downstairs.
      • This will use a script to get a speech file from google, and play this on some small speakers in my livingroom
    • Send a pushover message to my phone
    • Display a message on my TV ( not in code below )

How?

At the end of your .bashrc

function notify() {
    if [ -z "$1" ]; then
        echo "Usage: $0 \"message\"";
        exit 1;
    fi
    mosquitto_pub -h 10.1.0.17 -t notify/bashscript -m "$1"
}

Scripts on my Domoticz instance

Python script

#!/usr/bin/python
import paho.mqtt.client as mqttClient
import time
import os
import subprocess
import shlex
Connected = False

def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
    if rc == 0:
        print("Connected to broker")
        global Connected
        Connected =True
    else:
        print("Connection failed")

def on_message(client, userdata, message):
    print "Message received: " + message.topic + " : " + message.payload
    fileName = "/home/pi/domoticz/scripts/speech" + " \"" + message.payload + "\""
    print fileName
    args = shlex.split(fileName)
    time.sleep(1)
    p = subprocess.Popen(args)


broker_address = "10.1.0.17"
port = 1883
#user = "user"
#password = "password"
client = mqttClient.Client("speechcmd")
#client.username_pw_set(user, password=password)
client.on_connect = on_connect
client.on_message = on_message

client.connect(broker_address, port=port)
client.loop_start()

while Connected != True:
    time.sleep(0.1)

client.subscribe('speech/cmd')

try:
    while True:
        time.sleep(1)

except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print "exiting"
    client.disconnect()
    client.loop_stop()

Caching speech script

This script will look for a cached audiofile with requested text, and uses that. Else it wil request a audio file from google, caches it and plays it though the speakers.

#!/bin/bash
INPUT=$*
input2=$(echo $INPUT | base64)
echo "$input2 = $INPUT" >> /home/pi/cache/files-text-relation
if [ -f /home/pi/cache/$input2.mp3 ] ; then
mpg123 -q /home/pi/cache/$input2.mp3 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null
else
echo not cached
STRINGNUM=0

ary=($INPUT)
for key in "${!ary[@]}"
  do
    SHORTTMP[$STRINGNUM]="${SHORTTMP[$STRINGNUM]} ${ary[$key]}"
    LENGTH=$(echo ${#SHORTTMP[$STRINGNUM]})
    #echo "word:$key, ${ary[$key]}"
    #echo "adding to: $STRINGNUM"
    if [[ "$LENGTH" -lt "100" ]]; then
      #echo starting new line
      SHORT[$STRINGNUM]=${SHORTTMP[$STRINGNUM]}
    else
      STRINGNUM=$(($STRINGNUM+1))
      SHORTTMP[$STRINGNUM]="${ary[$key]}"
      SHORT[$STRINGNUM]="${ary[$key]}"
    fi
done

for key in "${!SHORT[@]}"
  do
    echo "Playing line: $(($key+1)) of $(($STRINGNUM+1))"
    NEXTURL=$(echo ${SHORT[$key]} | xxd -plain | tr -d '\n' | sed 's/\(..\)/%\1/g')
echo $NEXTURL
    mpg123 -w $input2 -q "http://translate.google.com/translate_tts?ie=UTF-8&client=tw-ob&q=$NEXTURL&tl=En-us"
    ffmpeg -i $input2 -codec:a libmp3lame -qscale:a 2 /home/pi/cache/$input2.mp3
mpg123 /home/pi/cache/$input2.mp3
done
fi

Node-red flow

function notify() {
    if [ -z "$1" ]; then
        echo "Usage: $0 \"message\"";
        exit 1;
    fi
    mosquitto_pub -h 10.1.0.17 -t notify/bashscript -m [
    {
        "id": "1442fca698589679",
        "type": "mqtt in",
        "z": "cb6f001b.721c3",
        "name": "",
        "topic": "notify/bashscript",
        "qos": "2",
        "datatype": "auto",
        "broker": "8c74c5f6.9a7a48",
        "nl": false,
        "rap": false,
        "inputs": 0,
        "x": 180,
        "y": 580,
        "wires": [
            [
                "ddf5744bb5b73d4d",
                "faa5c794652d7a57",
                "b4e0107399248fea",
                "443f960b5d1cf40e"
            ]
        ]
    },
    {
        "id": "ddf5744bb5b73d4d",
        "type": "mqtt out",
        "z": "cb6f001b.721c3",
        "name": "",
        "topic": "speech/cmd",
        "qos": "",
        "retain": "",
        "broker": "8c74c5f6.9a7a48",
        "x": 590,
        "y": 560,
        "wires": []
    },
    {
        "id": "e95e828451d83158",
        "type": "comment",
        "z": "cb6f001b.721c3",
        "name": "bash notify",
        "info": "",
        "x": 170,
        "y": 540,
        "wires": []
    },
    {
        "id": "faa5c794652d7a57",
        "type": "mqtt out",
        "z": "cb6f001b.721c3",
        "name": "",
        "topic": "mqttlcd/message",
        "qos": "",
        "retain": "",
        "broker": "8c74c5f6.9a7a48",
        "x": 570,
        "y": 720,
        "wires": []
    },
    {
        "id": "b4e0107399248fea",
        "type": "delay",
        "z": "cb6f001b.721c3",
        "name": "",
        "pauseType": "delay",
        "timeout": "5",
        "timeoutUnits": "seconds",
        "rate": "1",
        "nbRateUnits": "1",
        "rateUnits": "second",
        "randomFirst": "1",
        "randomLast": "5",
        "randomUnits": "seconds",
        "drop": false,
        "outputs": 1,
        "x": 480,
        "y": 640,
        "wires": [
            [
                "ac4faf30b8adbe3f"
            ]
        ]
    },
    {
        "id": "ac4faf30b8adbe3f",
        "type": "function",
        "z": "cb6f001b.721c3",
        "name": "Empty payload",
        "func": "msg.payload = \"\";\nreturn msg;",
        "outputs": 1,
        "noerr": 0,
        "initialize": "",
        "finalize": "",
        "libs": [],
        "x": 640,
        "y": 640,
        "wires": [
            [
                "faa5c794652d7a57"
            ]
        ]
    },
    {
        "id": "dfbe26c12fc5e742",
        "type": "pushover",
        "z": "cb6f001b.721c3",
        "name": "Alleen Henri",
        "device": "rmx1931",
        "title": "Node-Red-Pushover",
        "priority": "1",
        "sound": "pushover",
        "url": "",
        "url_title": "",
        "html": false,
        "x": 850,
        "y": 500,
        "wires": []
    },
    {
        "id": "443f960b5d1cf40e",
        "type": "function",
        "z": "cb6f001b.721c3",
        "name": "Set pushover payload",
        "func": "\nmsg.topic = \"Bash Notify\";\nmsg.priority = 1;\nmsg.sound = \"cosmic\";\nreturn msg;",
        "outputs": 1,
        "noerr": 0,
        "initialize": "",
        "finalize": "",
        "libs": [],
        "x": 660,
        "y": 500,
        "wires": [
            [
                "dfbe26c12fc5e742"
            ]
        ]
    },
    {
        "id": "8c74c5f6.9a7a48",
        "type": "mqtt-broker",
        "name": "10.1.0.17",
        "broker": "10.1.0.17",
        "port": "1883",
        "clientid": "",
        "usetls": false,
        "compatmode": true,
        "keepalive": "15",
        "cleansession": true,
        "birthTopic": "",
        "birthQos": "0",
        "birthPayload": "",
        "closeTopic": "",
        "closePayload": "",
        "willTopic": "",
        "willQos": "0",
        "willPayload": ""
    }
]


MPF-1B – Z80 Training kit

One from my collection: A training kit for learning to write machine language.

Update: 20220514 – Save and Load a program
Update: 20220829 – Mad-1 computer runaway movie

A little example, life programming a little machine code.

ORG 1800
0E 80              ; LD C,0
21 C0 00           ; LD HL,00C0
CD E4 05           ; CALL 0X05E4
0E 01              ; LD C,0
21 00 01           ; LD HL,0100
CD E4 05           ; CALL 0X05E4
C3 00 18           ; JMP 0X1800

Found this cameo in the movie “Runaway”

Using a tape and COMX-35 cassette player, i can store and retreive programs

Old Skool saving a program
And loading a program

Above i mentioned a Runaway Cameo .. well there is a MAD-1 system cameo also. (Which also i in my collection)

Working Amiga 500

Got a working amiga again. \o/ woot
Needed to replace Paula chip, cleaning and some TLC.

Modulator
Chip donor

Scart cable i’ve got is one without the resistors, so my monitor isn’t detecting the signal.
Using a A520 modulator works. At least RF, don’t know why RCA/composite video isn’t working.

Even a memory expansion and second drive (5.24 inch) are working.

One of the first disks i tested

To do:

  • Fix something to get disk images from and to my pc.
  • (My old catweasel card only fits in a ISA slot which i don’t have any more)
  • I was wrong .. i’ve got a IV Catweasel .. PCI it is
  • Fix scart
  • Fix my Action Replay, which i soldered into a non working state apparently .. 🙂
  • Get a better mouse!
Catweasel IV

Disks to convert:

  • Personal text files from ages ago
  • My first seka demo
  • My oscillator drawing program
  • Other assembly source files

Got another one running today also:

Little book with jokes and programs.

A long time ago i took a book about doing funny stuff in dos, and wrote own additions in the sidelines of the book. Or used the empty pages.

It contains jokes using autoexec.bat and config.sys. Additions by me are most of the time things you could do with debug.com, a little program which existed on any pc at that time.

A little program which created static on a CGA or Hercules monitor. Yes, that long ago. CGA provided 16 colors in 80×25 or 40×25 text modes, but only four colors at 320×200 resolution and two colors at 640×200. Hercules was only monochrome and a max resolution of 720×348. It was on a hercules card i made my first copperbar. ( Before the effect was named copperbar ). Due to difference in timing on every machine, you had to get the copperbar timing right by using two keys i’d assigned the timing to.

MOV AL,00                      # Fill AL register with 0
MOV DX,0x03D8 (cga) 03B8 (herc)# DX with address
OUT DX,AL                      # Set address with AL
MOV AL,[0101]                  # Reg AL with contents 
INC AL                         # Increment AL
MOV [0101],AL                  # Address fill with AL
JMP 100                        # Jump to start

The opcodes for the program :

b0 00
66 ba d8 03
ee
a0 41 00 00 00  
fe c0
a2 41 00 00 00 
e9 60 00 00 00

Sometimes i put these little programs in autoexec.bat, so at next restart of the pc, it would do something weird. My little BOFH jokes. Friends and computerstores where not safe.

Another example:

Two drives in a PC ? (Wie A: zegt moet ook B: zeggen)
Use with care, below will f*ck up your drives. (And makes a lot of noise while doing so.)

MOV DX,0x03F2
MOV AL,71
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,74
OUT DX,AL
JMP 100

( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy-disk_controller )